Infinite-body optimal transport with Coulomb cost

DOI10.1007/S00526-014-0803-0zbMATH Open1322.49073arXiv1307.6540OpenAlexW1969142251WikidataQ59401835 ScholiaQ59401835MaRDI QIDQ493207FDOQ493207

Gero Friesecke, Codina Cotar, Brendan Pass

Publication date: 11 September 2015

Published in: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce and analyze symmetric infinite-body optimal transport (OT) problems with cost function of pair potential form. We show that for a natural class of such costs, the optimizer is given by the independent product measure all of whose factors are given by the one-body marginal. This is in striking contrast to standard finite-body OT problems, in which the optimizers are typically highly correlated, as well as to infinite-body OT problems with Gangbo-Swiech cost. Moreover, by adapting a construction from the study of exchangeable processes in probability theory, we prove that the corresponding $N$-body OT problem is well approximated by the infinite-body problem. To our class belongs the Coulomb cost which arises in many-electron quantum mechanics. The optimal cost of the Coulombic N-body OT problem as a function of the one-body marginal density is known in the physics and quantum chemistry literature under the name SCE functional, and arises naturally as the semiclassical limit of the celebrated Hohenberg-Kohn functional. Our results imply that in the inhomogeneous high-density limit (i.e. $Noinfty$ with arbitrary fixed inhomogeneity profile $ho/N$), the SCE functional converges to the mean field functional. We also present reformulations of the infinite-body and N-body OT problems as two-body OT problems with representability constraints and give a dual characterization of representable two-body measures which parallels an analogous result by Kummer on quantum representability of two-body density matrices.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6540

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zbMATH Keywords

de Finetti's theoremdensity functional theoryfinite exchangeability\(N\)-representability\(N\)-body optimal transport\(N\)-extendabilityCoulomb costexchange-correlation functionalHohenberg-Kohn functionalinfinite-body optimal transport

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational problems in a geometric measure-theoretic setting (49Q20) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Variational principles of physics (49S05) Molecular physics (81V55) Classical equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B05) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

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Cited In (23)

• Smoothing of transport plans with fixed marginals and rigorous semiclassical limit of the Hohenberg-Kohn functional
• A Global Optimization Approach for Multimarginal Optimal Transport Problems with Coulomb Cost
• Relaxed many-body optimal transport and related asymptotics
• Symmetric Monge-Kantorovich problems and polar decompositions of vector fields
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• Next-order asymptotic expansion for \(N\)-marginal optimal transport with Coulomb and Riesz costs

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