School cohesion, speed and efficiency are modulated by the swimmers flapping motion

DOI10.1017/JFM.2021.551zbMATH Open1490.76261arXiv2009.12715OpenAlexW3180023256MaRDI QIDQ4958037FDOQ4958037

Authors: Sina Heydari, E. Kanso 

Publication date: 6 September 2021

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Fish schools are ubiquitous in marine life. Although flow interactions are thought to be beneficial for schooling, their exact effects on the speed, energetics, and stability of the group remain elusive. Recent experiments suggest that flow interactions stabilize in-tandem formations of heaving foils. Here, we propose a minimal approach based on the vortex sheet model that captures salient features of the flow interactions among flapping swimmers, and we study the free swimming of a pair of in-line swimmers driven with identical heaving or pitching motions. We find that, independent of the flapping mode, the follower passively stabilizes at discrete locations in the wake of the leader, consistent with the heaving foil experiments, but pitching swimmers exhibit tighter and more cohesive formations. Further, in comparison to swimming alone, pitching motions increase the energetic efficiency of the group while heaving motions result in a slight increase in the swimming speed. These results recapitulate that flow interactions provide a passive mechanism that promotes school cohesion, and provide novel insight into the role of the flapping mode in controlling the emergent properties of the school.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12715

Recommendations

• Two-dimensional hydrodynamic schooling of two flapping swimmers initially in tandem formation
• Flow-mediated organization of two freely flapping swimmers
• Hydrodynamic schooling of multiple self-propelled flapping plates
• Interaction modes of multiple flexible flags in a uniform flow
• Self-organization of multiple self-propelling flapping foils: energy saving and increased speed

zbMATH Keywords

wakeoscillating plategroup energeticsminimal inviscid vortex sheet modelpairwise in-line formationswimmer interaction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fluid-solid interactions (including aero- and hydro-elasticity, porosity, etc.) (74F10) Vortex flows for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B47) Biomechanics (92C10) Biopropulsion in water and in air (76Z10)

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Cited In (9)

• Flow-mediated organization of two freely flapping swimmers
• Active tail flexion in concert with passive hydrodynamic forces improves swimming speed and efficiency
• Hydrodynamic studies on two wiggling hydrofoils in an oblique arrangement
• Flow interaction of three-dimensional self-propelled flexible plates in tandem
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• Interaction modes of multiple flexible flags in a uniform flow
• Self-organization of multiple self-propelling flapping foils: energy saving and increased speed
• Model problems for fish schooling

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