A priori estimates for fractional nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations on bounded domains

, in a bounded domain with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider a general class of very weak solutions of the equation, and obtain a priori estimates in the form of smoothing effects, absolute upper bounds, lower bounds, and Harnack inequalities. We also investigate the boundary behaviour and we obtain sharp estimates from above and below. The standard Laplacian case

s = 1

or the linear case

m = 1

are recovered as limits. The method is quite general, suitable to be applied to a number of similar problems.

Review text

In this paper, the authors study the properties of non-negative solutions (in a suitable sense) to the nonlinear equation \[ \partial_t u + \mathcal{L}(u^m)=0 \text{ in } \Omega \times \mathbb{R}^+ \] for \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N\) a bounded, regular domain. Here, \(m>1\) and \(\mathcal{L}\) is the spectral fractional Laplacian, that is, \[ \mathcal{L} u = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \lambda_k^s \hat{u}_k\phi_k(x) \] (with \(0<s<1\)), where \[ \hat{u}_k = \int_\Omega u(x) \phi_k(x)\;dx \] and \(\{(\lambda_k,\phi_k)\}_{k=1}^\infty\) are the eigenvalues and the \(L^2(\Omega)\)-normalized eigenvectors of the Dirichlet Laplacian on \(\Omega\). For such \(u\), they show various pointwise and integral upper and lower bounds, for example, \[ u(x,t) \leq K_2 \frac{\Phi_1(x)^{1/m}}{t^{1/(m-1)}}\quad \text{for all } x\in \Omega, \quad t>0, \] and \[ u(x,t) \geq L_1 \frac{\Phi_1(x)}{t^{1/(m-1)}}\quad \text{for all } x\in \Omega, \quad t\geq t^*, \] where \(t^*\) depends on the initial data \(u_0(x)\) and \(\Phi_1\) is the first eigenvector of \(\mathcal{L}\). These inequalities, combined with Harnack inequalities known for \(\Phi_1\), imply the Harnack inequality for \(u\) (for all sufficiently large times), while the authors go on to discuss Harnack inequalities of a backward type. The main technique is the use of good estimates for the Green's functions of \(\mathcal{L}\), which the authors recall in detail in the appendix.

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