Kirillov's orbit method and polynomiality of the faithful dimension of p-groups

Rational points (14G05) Ordinary representations and characters (20C15) Finite nilpotent groups, (p)-groups (20D15) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05)

Abstract: Given a finite group

m a t h r m G

and a field

K

, the faithful dimension of

m a t h r m G

over

K

is defined to be the smallest integer

n

such that

m a t h r m G

embeds into

m a t h r m {G L}_{n} (K)

. In this paper we address the problem of determining the faithful dimension of a

p

-group of the form

m a t h s c r G_{q} := e x p (m a t h f r a k g o t i m e s_{m} a t h b b Z m a t h b b F_{q})

associated to

m a t h f r a k g_{q} := m a t h f r a k g o t i m e s_{m} a t h b b Z m a t h b b F_{q}

in the Lazard correspondence, where

m a t h f r a k g

is a nilpotent

m a t h b b Z

-Lie algebra which is finitely generated as an abelian group. We show that in general the faithful dimension of

m a t h s c r G_{p}

is a piecewise polynomial function of

p

on a partition of primes into Frobenius sets. Furthermore, we prove that for

p

sufficiently large, there exists a partition of

m a t h b b N

by sets from the Boolean algebra generated by arithmetic progressions, such on each part the faithful dimension of

m a t h s c r G_{q}

for

q := p^{f}

is equal to

f g (p^{f})

for a polynomial

g (T)

. We show that for many naturally arising

p

-groups, including a vast class of groups defined by partial orders, the faithful dimension is given by a single formula of the latter form. The arguments rely on various tools from number theory, model theory, combinatorics and Lie theory.

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