Montel's Theorem and Subspaces of Distributions Which Are Δ^m-Invariant

Abstract: We study the finite dimensional spaces

V

which are invariant under the action of the finite differences operator

D e l t a_{h}^{m}

. Concretely, we prove that if

V

is such an space, there exists a finite dimensional translation invariant space

W

such that

V s u b s e t e q W

. In particular, all elements of

V

are exponential polynomials. Furthermore,

V

admits a decomposition

V = P o p l u s E

with

P

a space of polynomials and

E

a translation invariant space. As a consequence of this study, we prove a generalization of a famous result by P. Montel which states that, if

f : m a t h b b R o m a t h b b C

is a continuous function satisfying

D e l t a_{h_{1}}^{m} f (t) = D e l t a_{h_{2}}^{m} f (t) = 0

for all

t i n m a t h b b R

and certain

h_{1}, h_{2} i n m a t h b b R s e t m i n u s 0

such that

h_{1} / h_{2} o t i n m a t h b b Q

, then

f (t) = a_{0} + a_{1} t + c d o t s + a_{m - 1} t^{m - 1}

for all

t i n m a t h b b R

and certain complex numbers

a_{0}, a_{1}, c d o t s, a_{m - 1}

. We demonstrate, with quite different arguments, the same result not only for ordinary functions

f (t)

but also for complex valued distributions. Finally, we also consider in this paper the subspaces

V

which are

D e l t a_{h_{1} h_{2} c d o t s h_{m}}

-invariant for all

h_{1}, c d o t s, h_{m} i n m a t h b b R

.

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Montel's Theorem and Subspaces of Distributions Which Are Δm-Invariant