On the pitchfork bifurcation of the folded node and other unbounded time-reversible connection problems in R^3

DOI10.1137/20M1326180MaRDI QIDQ4983499zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors K. Uldall Kristiansen

Publication date 20 April 2021

Published in SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.06817

zbMATH Keywords

bifurcationsblowupcanardsFalkner-Skan equationfolded nodegeometric singular perturbation theoryglobal bifurcationsNosé equationssecondary canardstwofold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric methods in ordinary differential equations (34A26) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15) Canard solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E17) Periodic orbits of vector fields and flows (37C27) Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits for dynamical systems (37C29) Bifurcations connected with nontransversal intersection in dynamical systems (37G25)

Abstract: In this paper, we revisit the folded node and the bifurcations of secondary canards at resonances $muinmathbbN$. In particular, we prove for the first time that pitchfork bifurcations occur at all even values of $mu$. Our approach relies on a time-reversible version of the Melnikov approach in cite{wechselberger2002a}, used in cite{wechselberger_existence_2005} to prove the transcritical bifurcations for all odd values of $mu$. It is known that the secondary canards produced by the transcritical and the pitchfork bifurcations only reach the Fenichel slow manifolds on one side of each transcritical bifurcation for all $0<epsilonll1$. In this paper, we provide a new geometric explanation for this fact, relying on the symmetry of the normal form and a separate blowup of the fold lines. We also show that our approach for evaluating the Melnikov integrals of the folded node -- based upon local characterization of the invariant manifolds by higher order variational equations and reducing these to an inhomogeneous Weber equation -- applies to general, quadratic, time-reversible, unbounded connection problems in $mathbb{R}^3$. We conclude the paper by using our approach to present a new proof of the bifurcation of periodic orbits from infinity in the Falkner-Skan equation and the Nos'e equations.

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Cited in

(2)

• A stiction oscillator under slowly varying forcing: uncovering small scale phenomena using blowup
• Mixed-Mode Oscillations in Coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo Oscillators: Blow-Up Analysis of Cusped Singularities

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