An asymptotic analysis of localized three-dimensional spot patterns for the Gierer-Meinhardt model: existence, linear stability, and slow dynamics

DOI10.1137/20M135707XMaRDI QIDQ4986535zbMATHFDO

Authors Daniel Gómez, Michael J. Ward, Juncheng Wei

Publication date 27 April 2021

Published in SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.04535

zbMATH Keywords

matched asymptotic expansionssmall activator diffusivitylocalized spot patterns

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to PDEs (35C20) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57)

Abstract: Localized spot patterns, where one or more solution components concentrates at certain points in the domain, are a common class of localized pattern for reaction-diffusion systems, and they arise in a wide range of modeling scenarios. In an arbitrary bounded 3-D domain, the existence, linear stability, and slow dynamics of localized multi-spot patterns is analyzed for the well-known singularly perturbed Gierer-Meinhardt (GM) activator-inhibitor system in the limit of a small activator diffusivity $varepsilo{n}^{2}ll1$. Our main focus is to classify the different types of multi-spot patterns, and predict their linear stability properties, for different asymptotic ranges of the inhibitor diffusivity $D$. For the range $D=mathcalO(varepsilo{n}^{-1})gg1$, although both symmetric and asymmetric quasi-equilibrium spot patterns can be constructed, the asymmetric patterns are shown to be always unstable. On this range of $D$, it is shown that symmetric spot patterns can undergo either competition instabilities or a Hopf bifurcation, leading to spot annihilation or temporal spot amplitude oscillations, respectively. For $D=mathcalO(1)$, only symmetric spot quasi-equilibria exist and they are linearly stable on $mathcalO(1)$ time intervals. On this range, it is shown that the spot locations evolve slowly on an $mathcalO(varepsilo{n}^{-3})$ time scale towards their equilibrium locations according to an ODE gradient flow, which is determined by a discrete energy involving the reduced-wave Green's function. The central role of the far-field behavior of a certain core problem, which characterizes the profile of a localized spot, for the construction of quasi-equilibria in the $D=mathcalO(1)$ and $D=mathcalO(varepsilo{n}^{-1})$ regimes, and in establishing some of their linear stability properties, is emphasized.

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Cited in

(11)

• The Stability and Slow Dynamics of Localized Spot Patterns for the 3-D Schnakenberg Reaction-Diffusion Model
• The stability and dynamics of localized spot patterns in the two-dimensional Gray-Scott model
• Boundary layer solutions in the Gierer-Meinhardt system with inhomogeneous boundary conditions
• Multi-spike solutions to the one-dimensional subcritical fractional Schnakenberg system
• Existence, stability, and dynamics of ring and near-ring solutions to the saturated Gierer-Meinhardt model in the semistrong regime
• Spots, traps, and patches: asymptotic analysis of localized solutions to some linear and nonlinear diffusive systems
• Weakly nonlinear analysis of peanut-shaped deformations for localized spots of singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion systems
• Logarithmic expansions and the stability of periodic patterns of localized spots for reaction-diffusion systems in \(\mathbb R^2\)
• Oscillatory translational instabilities of spot patterns in the Schnakenberg system on general 2D domains
• Spike solutions to the supercritical fractional Gierer-Meinhardt system
• Stability of Spike Solutions to the Fractional Gierer-Meinhardt System in a One-Dimensional Domain

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