Paradoxical predictions of liquid curtains with surface tension

DOI10.1017/JFM.2021.289zbMATH Open1485.76022arXiv2011.01828OpenAlexW3157510947MaRDI QIDQ4987971FDOQ4987971

Authors: E. S. Benilov 

Publication date: 11 May 2021

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper examines two-dimensional liquid curtains ejected at an angle to the horizontal and affected by gravity and surface tension. The flow is, to leading order, shearless and viscosity, negligible. The Froude number is large, so that the radius of the curtain's curvature exceeds its thickness. The Weber number is close to unity, so that the forces of inertia and surface tension are almost perfectly balanced. An asymptotic equation is derived under these assumptions, and its steady solutions are explored. It is shown that, for a given pair of ejection velocity/angle, infinitely many solutions exist, each representing a steady curtain with a stationary capillary wave superposed on it. These solutions describe a rich variety of behaviours: in addition to arching downwards, curtains can zigzag downwards, self-intersect, and even rise until the initial supply of the liquid's kinetic energy is used up. The last type of solutions corresponds to a separatrix between upward- and downward-bending curtains -- in both cases, self-intersecting (such solutions are meaningful only until the first intersection, after which the liquid just splashes down). Finally, suggestions are made as to how the existence of upward-bending curtains can be tested experimentally.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01828

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zbMATH Keywords

ideal fluidasymptotic solutionself-intersectionjetcapillary flowupward-downward bending separatrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Capillarity (surface tension) for incompressible inviscid fluids (76B45) Jets and cavities, cavitation, free-streamline theory, water-entry problems, airfoil and hydrofoil theory, sloshing (76B10) Asymptotic methods, singular perturbations applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M45)

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Cited In (7)

• The effect of pressure fluctuations on the shapes of thinning liquid curtains
• On oblique liquid curtains
• Paradoxical predictions of swirling jets
• On the shapes of liquid curtains flowing from a non-vertical slot
• Hole-driven dynamics of a three-dimensional gravitational liquid curtain
• Oblique liquid curtains with a large Froude number
• An analysis of laminar boundary layers on liquid curtains

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