Descent Data and Absolute Kan Extensions

Publication date 21 June 2021

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.00517, http://www.tac.mta.ca/tac/volumes/37/18/37-18abs.html

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Bénabou-Roubaud theorem creation of absolute Kan extensions descent theory effective descent morphisms indexed categories internal actions monadicity theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special properties of functors (faithful, full, etc.) (18A22) Limits and colimits (products, sums, directed limits, pushouts, fiber products, equalizers, kernels, ends and coends, etc.) (18A30) Adjoint functors (universal constructions, reflective subcategories, Kan extensions, etc.) (18A40) Monads (= standard construction, triple or triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived functors for monads (18C15) Eilenberg-Moore and Kleisli constructions for monads (18C20) Presheaves and sheaves, stacks, descent conditions (category-theoretic aspects) (18F20) 2-categories, bicategories, double categories (18N10)

Abstract: The fundamental construction underlying descent theory, the lax descent category, comes with a functor that forgets the descent data. We prove that, in any

2

-category

m a t h f r a k A

with lax descent objects, the forgetful morphisms create all Kan extensions that are preserved by certain morphisms. As a consequence, in the case

m a t h f r a k A = m a t h s f C a t

, we get a monadicity theorem which says that a right adjoint functor is monadic if and only if it is, up to the composition with an equivalence, (naturally isomorphic to) a functor that forgets descent data. In particular, within the classical context of descent theory, we show that, in a fibred category, the forgetful functor between the category of internal actions of a precategory

a

and the category of internal actions of the underlying discrete precategory is monadic if and only if it has a left adjoint. More particularly, this shows that one of the implications of the celebrated Benabou-Roubaud theorem does not depend on the so called Beck-Chevalley condition. Namely, we prove that, in indexed categories, whenever an effective descent morphism induces a right adjoint functor, the induced functor is monadic.

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