Grossberg-Karshon twisted cubes and hesitant walk avoidance

DOI10.2140/PJM.2015.278.119MaRDI QIDQ499896zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Megumi Harada, Eunjeong Lee

Publication date 7 October 2015

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.8543

zbMATH Keywords

pattern avoidancecharacter formulaeGrossberg-Karshon twisted cubes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Reflection and Coxeter groups (group-theoretic aspects) (20F55) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05)

Abstract: Let $G$ be a complex semisimple simply connected linear algebraic group. Let $lambda$ be a dominant weight for $G$ and $mathcalI=(i_1,i_2,ldots,i_n)$ a word decomposition for an element $w=s_{i_1}{s}_{i_2}cdots{s}_{i_n}$ of the Weyl group of $G$, where the $s_i$ are the simple reflections. In the 1990s, Grossberg and Karshon introduced a virtual lattice polytope associated to $lambda$ and $mathcalI$, which they called a twisted cube, whose lattice points encode (counted with sign according to a density function) characters of representations of $G$. In recent work, the first author and Jihyeon Yang prove that the Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted (so the support of the density function is a closed convex polytope) precisely when a certain torus-invariant divisor on a toric variety, constructed from the data of $lambda$ and $mathcalI$, is basepoint-free. This corresponds to the situation in which the Grossberg-Karshon character formula is a true combinatorial formula in the sense that there are no terms appearing with a minus sign. In this note, we translate this toric-geometric condition to the combinatorics of $mathcalI$ and $lambda$. More precisely, we introduce the notion of hesitant $lambda$-walks and then prove that the associated Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted precisely when $mathcalI$ is hesitant-$lambda$-walk-avoiding.

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