Thermalization and canonical typicality in translation-invariant quantum lattice systems

DOI10.1007/S00220-015-2473-YMaRDI QIDQ500056zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Markus Müller, Emily Adlam, Lluís Masanes, Nathan Wiebe

Publication date 7 October 2015

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.7420

zbMATH Keywords

Gibbs statesthermalization quantum lattice systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum stochastic calculus (81S25) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: It has previously been suggested that small subsystems of closed quantum systems thermalize under some assumptions; however, this has been rigorously shown so far only for systems with very weak interaction between subsystems. In this work, we give rigorous analytic results on thermalization for translation-invariant quantum lattice systems with finite-range interaction of arbitrary strength, in all cases where there is a unique equilibrium state at the corresponding temperature. We clarify the physical picture by showing that subsystems relax towards the reduction of the global Gibbs state, not the local Gibbs state, if the initial state has close to maximal population entropy and certain non-degeneracy conditions on the spectrum are satisfied. Moreover, we show that almost all pure states with support on a small energy window are locally thermal in the sense of canonical typicality. We derive our results from a statement on equivalence of ensembles generalizing earlier results by Lima, and give numerical and analytic finite-size bounds, relating the Ising model to the finite de Finetti theorem. Furthermore, we prove that global energy eigenstates are locally close to diagonal in the local energy eigenbasis, which constitutes a part of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis that is valid regardless of the integrability of the model.

Review text

The authors present rigorous analytic proofs of dynamical and kinematic formulations of thermalization for a lattice system under interaction of finite range, but of arbitrary strength. It is stated that for translation-invariant lattice systems, the small subsystems are close to thermal under wide conditions on the spectrum and boundary. The work clarifies the thermalization presentation, showing in particular that the resulting state will not be a local Gibbs state. The authors also succeed in giving tight analytic bounds for the distance between the reduction of a typical global pure state and the local Gibbs state in the non-interacting case, which appears to be a nontrivial problem. They also prove an important result that constitutes a part of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis for all models with finite interaction range: global energy eigenstates are locally close to diagonal in the local energy eigenstates.

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Cited in

(26)

• On the local equivalence between the canonical and the microcanonical ensembles for quantum spin systems
• Correction to: ``Thermalization and canonical typicality in translation-invariant quantum lattice systems
• Quantum concentration inequalities
• Gaussian concentration bound and ensemble equivalence in generic quantum many-body systems including long-range interactions
• Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and approximate quantum error correction
• Quantum Gibbs samplers: the commuting case
• Connecting global and local energy distributions in quantum spin models on a lattice
• Conformal field theory out of equilibrium: a review
• Small violations of Bell inequalities for multipartite pure random states
• Canonical thermalization
• A quantum central limit theorem for non-equilibrium systems: exact local relaxation of correlated states
• On the modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the heat-Bath dynamics for 1D systems
• Thermalization under randomized local Hamiltonians
• Thermalization and pseudolocality in extended quantum systems
• Some properties of correlations of quantum lattice systems in thermal equilibrium
• On local thermal equilibrium given by an energy eigenstate in isolated quantum mechanical system
• Thermodynamics and the structure of quantum theory
• Typical response of quantum pure states
• Eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis for translation invariant spin systems
• Counting atypical black hole microstates from entanglement wedges
• Boltzmann's mean entropy formula for unbounded spin systems
• Relative entropy and mutual information in Gaussian statistical field theory
• Generalized -observational entropy
• Quantum concentration inequalities and equivalence of the thermodynamical ensembles: an optimal mass transport approach
• The Boltzmann's formula for quantum unbounded lattice spin systems
• Typicality of the projected entangled pair states sampled by random Gaussians

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