Bilevel optimization: theory, algorithms, applications and a bibliography

DOI10.1007/978-3-030-52119-6_20MaRDI QIDQ5014642zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stephan Dempe

Publication date 8 December 2021

Published in Bilevel Optimization (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52119-6_20

zbMATH Keywords

applicationsmetaheuristicsbilevel optimizationoptimality conditionsnecessary optimality conditionsmathematical programs with complementarity constraintssolution algorithmsoptimistic and pessimistic bilevel optimization problems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear programming (90C30) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to operations research and mathematical programming (90-02)

Recommendations

• Bilevel Programming
• Foundations of bilevel programming
• An overview of bilevel optimization
• Practical bilevel optimization. Algorithms and applications
• Bilevel programming: a survey

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• Defense Applications of Mathematical Programs with Optimization Problems in the Constraints
• Dependence of bilevel mathematical programs on irrelevant constraints
• Derivation of necessary and sufficient conditions for single-stage Stackelberg games via the inducible region concept
• Derivative evaluation and computational experience with large bilevel mathematical programs
• Deriving the properties of linear bilevel programming via a penalty function approach
• Descent approaches for quadratic bilevel programming
• Designing a road network for hazardous materials shipments
• Determining optimal pollution control policies: An application of bilevel programming
• Deterministic network interdiction
• Deterministic solution approach for some classes of nonlinear multilevel programs with multiple followers
• Developing an integrated model of an aluminium smelter incorporating sub-models with different time bases and levels of aggregation
• Direct search algorithm for bilevel programming problems
• Discrete bilevel programming: application to a natural gas cash-out problem
• Discrete linear bilevel programming problem
• Discrete models for competitive location with foresight
• Discriminatively learned hierarchical rank pooling networks
• Disjunctive cuts for continuous linear bilevel programming
• Distributionally robust equilibrium for continuous games: Nash and Stackelberg models
• Double penalty method for bilevel optimization problems
• Dynamic discrete-time multi-leader-follower games with leaders in turn
• Dynamic feedback Stackelberg games with non-unique solutions
• Efficient implementation of heuristics for the continuous network design problem
• Efficient solutions for the linear bilevel programming problem
• Efficiently solving linear bilevel programming problems using off-the-shelf optimization software
• Electricity spot market with transmission losses
• Electricity swing option pricing by stochastic bilevel optimization: a survey and new approaches
• Emergency vehicle dispatching and redistribution in highway network based on bilevel programming
• Enhanced exact algorithms for discrete bilevel linear problems
• Equilibrium Decomposed Optimization: A Heuristic for the Continuous Equilibrium Network Design Problem
• Estimation of distribution algorithm for a class of nonlinear bilevel programming problems
• Evacuation network optimization model with Lane-based reversal and routing
• Evolutionary algorithm for bilevel optimization using approximations of the lower level optimal solution mapping
• Exact Penalization and Necessary Optimality Conditions for Generalized Bilevel Programming Problems
• Exact and inexact penalty methods for the generalized bilevel programming problem
• Exact penalty for mathematical programs with linear complementarity constraints
• Exact penalty functions for convex bilevel programming problems.
• Exact penalty method for the nonlinear bilevel programming problem
• Exact solution approach for a class of nonlinear bilevel knapsack problems
• Exact solution approaches for bilevel assignment problems
• Exact solution approaches for bilevel lot-sizing
• Existence and algorithms for the bilevel new generalized mixed equilibrium problems in Banach spaces
• Existence and approximation results involving regularized constrained Stackelberg problems
• Existence and derivation of optimal affine incentive schemes for Stackelberg games with partial information: a geometric approach†
• Existence of solution and algorithms for a class of bilevel variational inequalities with hierarchical nesting structure
• Existence of solutions and algorithms for bilevel vector equilibrium problems: an auxiliary principle technique
• Existence of solutions to bilevel variational problems in Banach spaces
• Existence of solutions to two-level optimization problems with nonunique lower-level solutions
• Existence theorems for bilevel problem with applications to mathematical program with equilibrium constraint and semi-infinite problem
• Existence theorems of equilibrium points in stackelberg
• Existence theorems of quasivariational inclusion problems with applications to bilevel problems and mathematical programs with equilibrium constraint
• Exponential distribution-based genetic algorithm for solving mixed-integer bilevel programming problems
• Fast and save container cranes as bilevel optimal control problems
• Fast metaheuristics for the discrete \((r|p)\)-centroid problem
• Feasible direction method for bilevel programming problem
• Feature selection for classification models via bilevel optimization
• Filled functions for unconstrained global optimization.
• Finding an efficient solution to linear bilevel programming problem: an effective approach
• Finding optimal strategies in a multi-period multi-leader-follower Stackelberg game using an evolutionary algorithm
• Finding robust global optimal values of bilevel polynomial programs with uncertain linear constraints
• First-order necessary optimality conditions for general bilevel programming problems
• First-order necessary optimality conditions for general bilevel programming problems
• Flexibility in a Stackelberg leadership with differentiated goods
• Forward-backward stochastic differential equations and linear-quadratic generalized Stackelberg games
• Foundations of bilevel programming
• Further on inner regularizations in bilevel optimization
• Fuzzy Linear Bilevel Optimization: Solution Concepts, Approaches and Applications
• Fuzzy and exact optimality conditions for a bilevel set-valued problem via extremal principles
• Fuzzy approach for multi-level programming problems
• Fuzzy bilevel programming with multiple non-cooperative followers: model, algorithm and application
• Fuzzy bilevel programming with multiple objectives and cooperative multiple followers
• Fuzzy goal programming approach to multilevel programming problems
• Fuzzy mathematical programming applied to multi-level programming problems.
• Fuzzy multilevel programming with a hybrid intelligent algorithm
• Fuzzy multiple level programming
• Fuzzy optimality conditions for fractional multiobjective bilevel problems under fractional constraints
• Fuzzy programming approach to multi-level programming problems
• Gauss-Seidel method for multi-leader-follower games
• Generalized proximal distances for bilevel equilibrium problems
• Generating Linear and Linear-Quadratic Bilevel Programming Problems
• Generating quadratic bilevel programming test problems
• Genetic algorithm based approach to bi-level linear programming
• Genetic algorithm based on simplex method for solving linear-quadratic bilevel programming problem
• Genetic algorithms and fuzzy multiobjective optimization
• Geometric and algorithmic developments for a hierarchical planning problem
• Global Convergence of an Elastic Mode Approach for a Class of Mathematical Programs with Complementarity Constraints
• Global efficiency for multiobjective bilevel programming problems under generalized invexity
• Global optimality test for maximin solution of bilevel linear programming with ambiguous lower-level objective function
• Global optimisation of pessimistic bi-level problems
• Global optimization of concave functions subject to quadratic constraints: An application in nonlinear bilevel programming
• Global optimization of mixed-integer bilevel programming problems
• Global search for guaranteed solutions in quadratic-linear bilevel optimization problems
• Global search for optimistic solutions in bilevel problem of optimal tariff choice by telecommunication company
• Global solution of bilevel programming problems
• Global solution of bilevel programs with a nonconvex inner program
• Global solution of nonlinear mixed-integer bilevel programs
• Goal and predictive coordination in two level hierarchical systems
• Government-private sector relations as a Stackelberg game. A degenerate case
• Handbook of test problems in local and global optimization
• Heuristic algorithms for delivered price spatially competitive network facility location problems
• Heuristic algorithms for the inverse mixed integer linear programming problem
• Heuristics for multi-stage interdiction of stochastic networks
• Hierarchical location-allocation models for congested systems
• Hierarchical optimization: A satisfactory solution
• Hierarchical optimization: An introduction
• How Stringent is the Linear Independence Assumption for Mathematical Programs with Complementarity Constraints?
• Hub interdiction problem variants: models and metaheuristic solution algorithms
• Hub location under competition
• Hybrid steepest-descent viscosity methods for triple hierarchical variational inequalities with constraints of mixed equilibria and bilevel variational inequalities
• Implementation of the - Constraint Method in Special Class of Multi-objective Fuzzy Bi-Level Nonlinear Problems
• Implicitly defined optimization problems
• Improved approximation algorithms for a bilevel knapsack problem
• Incentive contracts when production is subcontracted
• Incentive strategies with threats in dynamic constrained-stackelberg problems. a bilevel programming approach
• Information structure, Stackelberg games, and incentive controllability
• Inner regularizations and viscosity solutions for pessimistic bilevel optimization problems
• Insights Into Analysis Operator Learning: From Patch-Based Sparse Models to Higher Order MRFs
• Integrated network capacity expansion and traffic signal optimization problem: Robust bi-level dynamic formulation
• Integrating goal programming, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and penalty function approaches to solve linear bi-level programming problems
• Integrating reference point, Kuhn-Tucker conditions and neural network approach for multi-objective and multi-level programming problems
• Interactive approach to bi-level integer multi-objective fractional programming problem
• Interactive compensatory fuzzy programming for decentralized multi-level linear programming (DMLLP) problems
• Interactive fuzzy decision making method for solving bilevel programming problem
• Interactive fuzzy goal programming approach for bilevel programming problem
• Interactive fuzzy programming approach to bi-level quadratic fractional programming problems
• Interactive fuzzy programming for multi-level 0-1 programming problems through genetic algorithms
• Interactive fuzzy programming for multi-level 0-1 programming problems with fuzzy parameters through genetic algorithms
• Interactive fuzzy programming for multi-level linear programming problems with fuzzy parameters
• Interactive fuzzy programming for multi-level nonconvex nonlinear programming problems through genetic algorithms
• Interactive fuzzy programming for multilevel linear programming problems
• Interactive fuzzy programming for two-level linear and linear fractional production and assignment problems: a case study
• Interactive fuzzy programming for two-level nonconvex programming problems with fuzzy parameters through genetic algorithms
• Interdicting a Nuclear-Weapons Project
• Interior-point methods for nonconvex nonlinear programming: Filter methods and merit functions
• Intersection cuts for bilevel optimization
• Inventory and credit decisions for deteriorating items with displayed stock dependent demand in two-echelon supply chain using Stackelberg and Nash equilibrium solution
• Inverse Optimization
• Inverse conic programming with applications
• Inverse linear programming
• Inverse optimization for linearly constrained convex separable programming problems
• Is bilevel programming a special case of a mathematical program with complementarity constraints?
• Is pessimistic bilevel programming a special case of a mathematical program with complementarity constraints?
• Joint optimization for coordinated configuration of product families and supply chains by a leader-follower Stackelberg game
• Justifying the First-Order Approach to Principal-Agent Problems
• KKT reformulation and necessary conditions for optimality in nonsmooth bilevel optimization
• Lagrangean relaxation-based algorithm for bi-level problems
• Leader-follower strategies for multilevel systems
• Linear bilevel multi-follower programming with independent followers
• Linear bilevel multiobjective optimization problem: penalty approach
• Linear bilevel problems: genericity results and an efficient method for computing local minima
• Linear bilevel programming solution by genetic algorithm
• Linear bilevel programming with interval coefficients
• Linear bilevel programming with upper level constraints depending on the lower level solution
• Linear bilevel programs with multiple objectives at the upper level
• Linear-quadratic mean field Stackelberg games with state and control delays
• Linear-quadratic reversed Stackelberg differential games with incentives
• Lineare versus sprungfixe Erfolgsbeteiligung. (Linear versus piecewise constant reward schemes)
• Links between linear bilevel and mixed 0-1 programming problems
• Local search in a quadratic-linear bilevel programming problem
• Manifolds of multi-leader Cournot equilibria.
• Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints
• Mathematical Programs with Optimization Problems in the Constraints
• Mathematical programs with complementarity constraints: stationarity, optimality, and sensi\-tivity.
• Mathematical properties of a discontinuous Cournot-Stackelberg model
• Mathematical structure of a bilevel strategic pricing model
• Maximizing a concave function over the efficient or weakly-efficient set
• Maximum entropy approach for solving pessimistic bilevel programming problems
• Mean field Stackelberg games: aggregation of delayed instructions
• Metaheuristics for bi-level optimization
• Minimization of a quasi-concave function over an efficient set
• Misclassification minimization
• Mixed integer parametric bilevel programming for optimal strategic bidding of energy producers in day-ahead electricity markets with indivisibilities
• Model and algorithm for bilevel newsboy problem with fuzzy demands and discounts
• Model and extended Kuhn-Tucker approach for bilevel multi-follower decision making in a referential-uncooperative situation
• Model, solution concept, and \(K\)th-best algorithm for linear trilevel programming
• Models and a relaxation algorithm for continuous network design problem with a tradable credit scheme and equity constraints
• Models of the optimal resource allocation for the critical infrastructure protection
• Multi-agent fare optimization model of two modes problem and its analysis based on edge of chaos
• Multi-level decision making. Models, methods and applications
• Multi-level programming and conflict resolution
• Multi-parametric global optimization approach for tri-level mixed-integer linear optimization problems
• Multicriteria approach to bilevel optimization
• Multilevel (Hierarchical) Optimization: Complexity Issues, Optimality Conditions, Algorithms
• Multilevel decision-making: a survey
• Multilevel minimum cross entropy threshold selection based on particle swarm optimization
• Multilevel optimization: algorithms and applications
• Multilevel programming, rational reaction sets, and efficient solutions
• Multiobjective bilevel optimization
• Multiobjective linear bilevel programming problems: a compromise solution approach
• Multistage bilevel programming problems
• Nash equilibrium in a pay-as-bid electricity market. I: Existence and characterization
• Nash equilibrium in a pay-as-bid electricity market. II: Best response of a producer
• Natural gas cash-out problem: bilevel stochastic optimization approach
• Necessary Conditions for Bilevel Dynamic Optimization Problems
• Necessary Optimality Conditions for Optimization Problems with Variational Inequality Constraints
• Necessary conditions for nonlinear suboptimization over the weakly- efficient set
• Necessary optimality condition for trilevel optimization problem
• Necessary optimality conditions and a new approach to multiobjective bilevel optimization problems
• Necessary optimality conditions for Stackelberg problems
• Necessary optimality conditions for a bilevel multiobjective programming problem via a -reformulation
• Necessary optimality conditions for bilevel minimization problems
• Necessary optimality conditions for bilevel optimization problems using convexificators
• Necessary optimality conditions for bilevel set optimization problems
• Necessary optimality conditions for multiobjective bilevel programs
• Necessary optimality conditions for optimistic bilevel programming problems using set-valued programming
• Necessary optimality conditions in pessimistic bilevel programming
• Necessary optimality conditions of a D.C. set-valued bilevel optimization problem
• Network design problem with congestion effects: A case of bilevel programming
• Neural network for solving convex quadratic bilevel programming problems
• Neural networks for a class of bi-level variational inequalities
• New Branch-and-Bound Rules for Linear Bilevel Programming
• New branch-and-Cut algorithm for bilevel linear programming
• New formulations and valid inequalities for a bilevel pricing problem
• New necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for strong bilevel programming problems
• New necessary optimality conditions for bilevel programs by combining the MPEC and value function approaches
• New necessary optimality conditions in optimistic bilevel programming
• New optimality conditions for the semivectorial bilevel optimization problem
• New results on approximate solution in two-level optimization
• Nondifferentiable Multiplier Rules for Optimization and Bilevel Optimization Problems
• Nonexpansiveness of a linearized augmented Lagrangian operator for hierarchical convex optimization
• Nonlinear integer bilevel programming
• Nonsmooth optimization over the (weakly or properly) Pareto set of a linear-quadratic multi-objective control problem: explicit optimality conditions
• Note on the `Optimality conditions for linear fractional bilevel programs'
• Novel approaches to the discrimination problem
• Numerical solution for optimization over the efficient set by d.c. optimization algorithms
• Numerical solution of a class of bilevel programming problems
• Numerical solution of a linear bilevel problem
• Numerical solution of bilinear programming problems
• Numerically tractable optimistic bilevel problems
• On M-stationarity conditions in MPECs and the associated qualification conditions
• On Reducibility in Bilevel Problems
• On a branch-and-bound approach for a Huff-like Stackelberg location problem
• On a decentralized transportation problem
• On a new class of bilevel programming problems and its use for reformulating mixed integer problems
• On a stochastic bilevel programming problem
• On a two-level allocation problem under restrictions on the size of production
• On an algorithm solving two-level programming problems with nonunique lower level solutions
• On an equilibrium problem with complementarity constraints formulation of pay-as-clear electricity market with demand elasticity
• On applied nonlinear and bilevel programming for pursuit-evasion games
• On approximate mixed Nash equilibria and average marginal functions for two-stage three-players games
• On bilevel multi-follower decision making: general framework and solutions
• On bilevel programming. I: General nonlinear cases
• On bilevel programs with a convex lower-level problem violating Slater's constraint qualification
• On bilevel variational inequalities
• On calmness conditions in convex bilevel programming
• On competition in a Stackelberg location-design model with deterministic supplier choice
• On computational search for optimistic solutions in bilevel problems
• On generalized Stackelberg strategies
• On generalized semi-infinite optimization and bilevel optimization
• On implicit function theorems for set-valued maps and their application to mathematical programming under inclusion constraints
• On intrinsic complexity of Nash equilibrium problems and bilevel optimization
• On minimization over weakly efficient sets
• On one polynomially solvable case of the decentralized transportation problem
• On optimal partial hedging in discrete markets
• On optimization over the efficient set in linear multicriteria programming
• On penalty and gap function methods for bilevel equilibrium problems
• On solving simple bilevel programs with a nonconvex lower level program
• On the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker reformulation of the bilevel optimization problem
• On the Stackelberg strategy in nonzero-sum games
• On the Two-Level Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem
• On the construction of initial polyhedral convex set for optimization problems over the efficient set and bilevel linear programs
• On the definition of linear bilevel programming solution
• On the efficiency of local electricity markets under decentralized and centralized designs: a multi-leader Stackelberg game analysis
• On the hazmat transport network design problem
• On the numerical solution of a class of Stackelberg problems
• On the quasiconcave bilevel programming problem
• On the solution of convex bilevel optimization problems
• On the solution of mathematical programming problems with equilibrium constraints
• On the structure and properties of a linear multilevel programming problem
• On the use of intersection cuts for bilevel optimization
• On two-level optimization
• On unbounded and binary parameters in multi-parametric programming: applications to mixed-integer bilevel optimization and duality theory
• One-level reformulation of the bilevel Knapsack problem using dynamic programming
• Optimal Strategies For Bilevel Dynamic Problems
• Optimal affine leader functions in reverse Stackelberg games. Existence conditions and characterization
• Optimal storage and transmission investments in a bilevel electricity market model
• Optimal transport and a bilevel location-allocation problem
• Optimality Conditions for Quasi-Differentiable Programs with Application to Two-Level Optimization
• Optimality Conditions for a Simple Convex Bilevel Programming Problem
• Optimality and duality results for bilevel programming problem using convexifactors
• Optimality conditions and algorithms for parameter design problems with two-level structure
• Optimality conditions and an algorithm for linear-quadratic bilevel programs$fr1:¹$f:¹partially supported by nsfc and madis. this paper was prepared during the first author's visiting universitat de barcelona. he is grateful to the f
• Optimality conditions and finite convergence of Lasserre's hierarchy
• Optimality conditions for a bilevel matroid problem
• Optimality conditions for bilevel multiobjective programs
• Optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems
• Optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems
• Optimality conditions for bilevel programming problems
• Optimality conditions for bilevel programming: an approach through variational analysis
• Optimality conditions for linear fractional bilevel programs
• Optimality conditions for minimization over the (weakly or properly) efficient set
• Optimality conditions for mixed discrete bilevel optimization problems
• Optimality conditions for nonsmooth multiobjective bilevel optimization problems
• Optimality conditions for optimistic bilevel programming problem using convexifactors
• Optimality conditions for pessimistic semivectorial bilevel programming problems
• Optimality conditions for pessimistic trilevel optimization problem with middle-level problem being pessimistic
• Optimality conditions for semivectorial bilevel convex optimal control problems
• Optimality conditions for special semidefinite bilevel optimization problems
• Optimality conditions for the bilevel programming problem
• Optimality conditions for the semivectorial bilevel optimization problem
• Optimality conditions for the simple convex bilevel programming problem in Banach spaces
• Optimality criteria for bilevel programming problems using the radial subdifferential
• Optimality results for a specific bilevel optimization problem
• Optimization methods in coordinated planning. III: A linear active system
• Optimization models of anti-terrorist protection
• Optimization of area traffic control for equilibrium network flows
• Optimization of robust area traffic control with equilibrium flow under demand uncertainty
• Optimization over equilibrium sets^∗
• Optimization over the Pareto outcome set associated with a convex bi-objective optimization problem: theoretical results, deterministic algorithm and application to the stochastic case
• Optimization over the efficient set
• Optimization over the efficient set
• Optimization over the efficient set of a bicriteria convex programming problem
• Optimization over the efficient set of a parametric multiple objective linear programming problem
• Optimization over the efficient set of multi-objective convex optimal control problems
• Optimization over the efficient set using an active constraint approach
• Optimization over the efficient set: overview
• Optimization with multivalued mappings.
• Optimizing Frequencies in a Transit Network: a Nonlinear Bi‐level Programming Approach
• Optimizing a linear function over an efficient set
• Optimizing production and inventory decisions in a supply chain with lot size, production rate and lead time interactions
• Padovan numbers as sums over partitions into odd parts
• Parametric global optimisation for bilevel programming
• Parametric integer programming algorithm for bilevel mixed integer programs
• Particle swarm optimization for bi-level pricing problems in supply chains
• Path-based formulations of a bilevel toll setting problem
• Penalty function approach to linear trilevel programming
• Pessimistic bilevel optimization
• Phenomena in inverse Stackelberg games. I: Static problems
• Phenomena in inverse Stackelberg games. II: Dynamic problems
• Practical bilevel optimization. Algorithms and applications
• Pricing toll roads under uncertainty
• Pricing and Replenishment Strategies in a Distribution System with Competing Retailers
• Pricing problems with a continuum of customers as stochastic Stackelberg games
• Primal and dual algorithms for optimization over the efficient set
• Problems of Hierarchical Optimization in Finite Dimensions
• Problems with resource allocation constraints and optimization over the efficient set
• Production and marketing decisions with multiple objectives in a competitive environment
• Production planning problem with sequence dependent setups as a bilevel programming problem
• Proximal Point Algorithm Controlled by a Slowly Vanishing Term: Applications to Hierarchical Minimization
• Proximal methods for a class of bilevel monotone equilibrium problems
• Pure competition, regulated and Stackelberg equilibria: Application to the energy system of Québec
• Pure strategy Nash equilibria and the probabilistic prospects of Stackelberg players
• Quantum binary particle swarm optimization-based algorithm for solving a class of bi-level competitive facility location problems
• Quasi-variational inequalities, generalized Nash equilibria, and multi-leader-follower games
• Random-like bi-level decision making
• Recent advances in evolutionary multi-objective optimization
• Reduction of the bilevel stochastic optimization problem with quantile objective function to a mixed‐integer problem
• Reformulating the Pascoletti-Serafini problem as a bi-level optimization problem
• Resolution method for mixed integer bi-level linear problems based on decomposition technique
• Reverse convex programming approach in the space of extreme criteria for optimization over efficient sets
• Risk-averse models in bilevel stochastic linear programming
• Road network pricing and design for ordinary and hazmat vehicles: integrated model and specialized local search
• Robust bi-level optimization of relief logistics operations
• Robust identification and its properties of nonlinear bilevel multi-stage dynamic system
• STACKELBERG HUB LOCATION PROBLEM
• Second order optimality conditions for bilevel set optimization problems
• Second order sufficient conditions for a class of bilevel programs with lower level second-order cone programming problem
• Second-mover advantage and price leadership in Bertrand duopoly
• Semivectorial bilevel convex optimal control problems: Existence results
• Semivectorial bilevel optimization on Riemannian manifolds
• Semivectorial bilevel optimization problem: penalty approach
• Semivectorial bilevel programming versus scalar bilevel programming
• Sensitivity analysis based heuristic algorithms for mathematical programs with variational inequality constraints
• Sensitivity analysis for two-level value functions with applications to bilevel programming
• Sensitivity analysis in bilevel linear programming
• Sequential Stackelberg equilibria in two-person games
• Sequential fair Stackelberg equilibria of linear strategies in risk-seeking insider trading
• Sequential stability of regularized constrained stackelberg problems
• Set approach for set optimization with variable ordering structures. I: Set relations and relationship to vector approach
• Shortest-path network interdiction
• Simplicially-constrained DC optimization over efficient and weakly efficient sets
• Smoothing SQP Methods for Solving Degenerate Nonsmooth Constrained Optimization Problems with Applications to Bilevel Programs
• Smoothing augmented Lagrangian method for nonsmooth constrained optimization problems
• Solution algorithm for an optimistic linear Stackelberg problem
• Solution of a truss topology bilevel programming problem by means of an inexact restoration method
• Solution of bilevel optimization problems using the KKT approach
• Solving a Huff-like Stackelberg location problem on networks
• Solving a bilevel linear program when the inner decision maker control few variables
• Solving a type of biobjective bilevel programming problem using NSGA-II
• Solving bi-level linear programming problem through hybrid of immune genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm
• Solving bi-level programming problem with fuzzy random variable coefficients
• Solving bilevel linear programs using multiple objective linear programming
• Solving bilevel programming problems with multicriteria optimization techniques
• Solving bilevel programs with the KKT-approach
• Solving convex quadratic bilevel programming problems using an enumeration sequential quadratic programming algorithm
• Solving discrete linear bilevel optimization problems using the optimal value reformulation
• Solving fuzzy variational inequalities
• Solving ill-posed bilevel programs
• Solving linear bilevel multiobjective programming problem via exact penalty function approach
• Solving linear fractional bilevel programs.
• Solving mathematical programs with fuzzy equilibrium constraints
• Solving multi-leader-common-follower games
• Solving nonlinear bilevel programming models of the equilibrium network design problem: A comparative review
• Solving nonlinear principal-agent problems using bilevel programming
• Solving quadratic convex bilevel programming problems using a smoothing method
• Solving the bilevel facility location problem under preferences by a Stackelberg-evolutionary algorithm
• Solving the fully fuzzy bilevel linear programming problem through deviation degree measures and a ranking function method
• Solving the hazmat transport network design problem
• Solving two-level variational inequality
• Some properties of the bilevel programming problem
• Some remarks about existence of equilibria, and the validity of the EPCC reformulation for multi-leader-follower games
• Stability of regularized bilevel programming problems
• Stackelberg Optimization of Two-Level Systems
• Stackelberg equilibria via variational inequalities and projections
• Stackelberg equilibrium in oligopoly
• Stackelberg equilibrium with multiple firms and setup costs
• Stackelberg game based relay selection for physical layer security and energy efficiency enhancement in cognitive radio networks
• Stackelberg solutions for fuzzy random two-level linear programming through level sets and fractile criterion optimization
• Stackelberg solutions for fuzzy random two-level linear programming through probability maximization with possibility
• Stackelberg solutions of differential games in the class of nonanticipative strategies
• Stackelberg solutions to multiobjective two-level linear programming problems
• Stackelberg solutions to multiobjective two-level linear programming problems with random variable coefficients
• Stackelberg strategy solution for optimal software release policies
• Stackelberg thresholds in network routing games or the value of altruism
• Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium for multilevel programming with multiple followers using genetic algorithms
• Stackelberg-Nash-Cournot Equilibria: Characterizations and Computations
• Stochastic mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints
• Stochastic optimization over a Pareto set associated with a stochastic multi-objective optimization problem
• Stochastic programming bilevel models for service provision with a balancing coordinator
• Stochastic programming perspective on the agency problems under uncertainty
• Strong-weak nonlinear bilevel problems: existence of solutions in a sequential setting
• Subdifferentials of value functions and optimality conditions for DC and bilevel infinite and semi-infinite programs
• Successive convex relaxation approach to bilevel quadratic optimization problems
• Supply chain inventory management via a Stackelberg equilibrium
• Systematic evolutionary algorithm for general multilevel Stackelberg problems with bounded decision variables (SEAMSP)
• Tariff optimization in networks
• Technical Note—A Method for Solving Mathematical Programs with Nonlinear Programs in the Constraints
• Technical Note—The Equivalence of Two Mathematical Programs with Optimization Problems in the Constraints
• Technical note -- There's no free lunch: on the hardness of choosing a correct big-M in bilevel optimization
• Techniques for gradient-based bilevel optimization with non-smooth lower level problems
• Test problem construction for linear bilevel programming problems
• Test problem generation for quadratic-linear pessimistic bilevel optimization
• The Design of a Hierarchical Transportation Network with Transshipment Facilities
• The Existence of Equilibria in the Leader-Follower Hub Location and Pricing Problem
• The First-Order Approach to Multi-Signal Principal-Agent Problems
• The First-Order Approach to Principal-Agent Problems
• The Linear-Quadratic Bilevel Programming Problem
• The Mixed Integer Linear Bilevel Programming Problem
• The Stackelberg Minimum Spanning Tree Game
• The Stackelberg minimum spanning tree game
• The Theory of Moral Hazard and Unobservable Behaviour: Part I
• The Watermelon Algorithm for The Bilevel Integer Linear Programming Problem
• The Kth-best approach for linear bilevel multi-follower programming
• The Kth-best approach for linear bilevel multifollower programming with partial shared variables among followers
• The application of nonlinear bilevel programming to the aluminium industry
• The bilevel knapsack problem with stochastic right-hand sides
• The bilevel linear/linear fractional programming problem
• The bilevel programming problem: reformulations, constraint qualifications and optimality conditions
• The bilevel standardization problem with uniqueness condition for an optimal customer choice
• The branch and bound method for a quadratic problem of bilevel programming
• The branch-and-bound algorithm for a competitive facility location problem with the prescribed choice of suppliers
• The computational complexity of bilevel assignment problems
• The computational complexity of multi-level linear programs
• The congested facility location problem
• The convergence of approach penalty function method for approximate bilevel programming problem
• The deregulated electricity market viewed as a bilevel programming problem
• The generalized Mangasarian-Fromowitz constraint qualification and optimality conditions for bilevel programs
• The hierarchical network design problem with transshipment facilities
• The hybrid algorithm for solving the three-level linear programming problem
• The indus basin model: A special application of two-level linear programming
• The models of bilevel programming with lower level second-order cone programs
• The multiobjective equilibrium network design problem revisited: A simulated annealing approach
• The natural gas cash-out problem: a bilevel optimal control approach
• The nonlinear bilevel programming problem:formulations,regularity and optimality conditions
• The polynomial hierarchy and a simple model for competitive analysis
• The rank pricing problem: models and branch-and-cut algorithms
• The solution approach to linear fuzzy bilevel optimization problems
• The standard pessimistic bilevel problem
• The steepest descent direction for the nonlinear bilevel programming problem
• The strong convergence theorems for split common fixed point problem of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces
• The upper semi-convergence of optimal solution sets of approximation problems for bilevel stochastic programming
• Theoretical and computational results for a linear bilevel problem
• Three-level Stackelberg decision problems
• Three-level global resource allocation model for HIV control: a hierarchical decision system approach
• Topological existence and stability for Stackelberg problems
• Towards global bilevel dynamic optimization
• Trust-region algorithms for derivative-free optimization and nonlinear bilevel programming. (Thesis)
• Two level hierarchical time minimizing transportation problem
• Two-Level Linear Programming
• Two-Level Planning
• Two-level value function approach to non-smooth optimistic and pessimistic bilevel programs
• Two-stage approach for quantitative policy analysis using bilevel programming
• Two-stage models of the optimization
• Uniqueness results and algorithm for Stackelberg-Cournot-Nash equilibria
• Using EPECs to Model Bilevel Games in Restructured Electricity Markets with Locational Prices
• Using branch-and-bound to solve bi-level geometric programming problems: A new optimization model
• Valid inequalities and branch-and-cut for the clique pricing problem
• Variational Analysis in Bilevel Programming
• Variational analysis of marginal functions with applications to bilevel programming
• Variational inequalities and optimistic bilevel programming problem via convexifactors
• Variational inequality formulation of a class of multi-leader-follower games
• Weak and strong convergences of the generalized penalty Forward–Forward and Forward–Backward splitting algorithms for solving bilevel hierarchical pseudomonotone equilibrium problems
• Weak and strong stationarity in generalized bilevel programming and bilevel optimal control
• Weak linear bilevel programming problems: existence of solutions via a penalty method
• Weak nonlinear bilevel problems: existence of solutions via reverse convex and convex maximization problems
• Weak stackelberg problem and mixed solutions under data perturbations¹¹this paper is based upon a communication presented at the 14th symposium on mathematical programming with data perturbation, Washington D.C. 1992. This research h
• Weak via strong Stackelberg problem: New results
• Weighting method for bi-level linear fractional programming problems
• Well-posedness for optimization problems with constraints defined by variational inequalities having a unique solution
• Well-posedness under relaxed semicontinuity for bilevel equilibrium and optimization problems with equilibrium constraints
• \(\epsilon\)-mixed strategies for static continuous-kernel Stackelberg games

Cited in

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• Bilevel optimization: reformulation and first optimality conditions
• A branch, bound, and cuts algorithm for the dynamic competitive facility location problem
• BOLIB: bilevel Optimization LIBrary of test problems
• Uncertainty handling in bilevel optimization for robust and reliable solutions
• An application of bilevel optimisation to the waste collection centres location problem
• The robust bilevel selection problem
• A fast combinatorial algorithm for the bilevel knapsack problem with interdiction constraints
• Duality-based single-level reformulations of bilevel optimization problems
• A bilevel optimization model for the newsvendor problem with the focus theory of choice
• Existence of Solutions for Deterministic Bilevel Games under a General Bayesian Approach
• Multistage hierarchical optimization problems with multi-criterion objectives
• Single-Leader-Radner-equilibrium: a new approach for a class of bilevel problems under uncertainty
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2246593 (Why is no real title available?)
• Integer linear programming formulations for the maximum flow blocker problem
• Entropic regularization in hierarchical games
• On the convergence of proximal gradient methods for convex simple bilevel optimization
• Sample approximations of bilevel stochastic programming problems with probabilistic and quantile criteria
• Algorithms and applications for a class of bilevel MILPs
• Numerical methods for the solution of bi-level multi-objective optimization problems.
• Mordukhovich stationarity for mathematical programs with switching constraints under weak constraint qualifications
• Bilevel and multilevel programming: A bibliography review
• Bilevel optimization of a distribution of interbudget transfers within given limitations
• Bi-level programming and multi-objective optimization for the distribution of resources in hierarchical organizations
• Bilevel optimization with sustainability perspective: a survey on applications
• Foundations of bilevel programming
• Analysis and Solution Methods for Bilevel Optimal Control Problems
• A survey on bilevel optimization under uncertainty
• Complexity of near-optimal robust versions of multilevel optimization problems
• Asymptotic regularity for Lipschitzian nonlinear optimization problems with applications to complementarity constrained and bilevel programming
• Problems of Hierarchical Optimization in Finite Dimensions
• A fast combinatorial algorithm for the bilevel knapsack problem with interdiction constraints
• A bilevel optimization approach of energy transition in freight transport: SOS1 method and application to the Ecuadorian case
• Notes on the value function approach to multiobjective bilevel optimization
• Sufficiency and duality criteria in tangential subdifferential governed bilevel multi-objective extremization models
• Enhanced shape recovery in advection-diffusion problems via a novel ADMM-based CCBM optimization
• Special issue on ``Applied bilevel programming
• Strategic interactions between liquefied natural gas and domestic gas markets: a bilevel model
• Generating compromise solution of bi-level multi-objective intuitionistic fuzzy fractional programming problem
• The trouble with the second quantifier
• Evolutionary algorithm for bilevel optimization using approximations of the lower level optimal solution mapping
• An overview of bilevel optimization
• Upper bound for the competitive facility location problem with demand uncertainty
• Focus programming: a bi‐level programming approach to static stochastic optimization problems
• On the partial calmness condition for an interval-valued bilevel optimization problem
• SOCP-based disjunctive cuts for a class of integer nonlinear bilevel programs
• Softening bilevel problems via two-scale Gibbs measures
• Towards global bilevel dynamic optimization
• Robust bilevel optimization for near-optimal lower-level solutions
• Bilevel programming: a survey
• One way to solve pessimistic bilevel optimization problems
• A survey on mixed-integer programming techniques in bilevel optimization
• Solving certain complementarity problems in power markets via convex programming
• Additional constraints for dynamic competitive facility location problem
• On the complexity of the bilevel shortest path problem
• Optimizing a partial vertically integrated supply chain with hierarchical internal coordination: bilevel model and solution algorithms
• MPEC methods for bilevel optimization problems
• Bilevel optimization. Advances and next challenges
• Inverse demand tracking in transportation networks
• Methods for pessimistic bilevel optimization
• A robust alternating direction method of multipliers numerical scheme for solving geometric inverse problems in a shape optimization setting
• A gentle introduction to algorithms for bilevel optimization from machine learning
• An exact projection-based algorithm for bilevel mixed-integer problems with nonlinearities
• Bilevel optimization problems in topological spaces
• Existence of solutions of bilevel strong vector equilibrium problems and their applications
• On the complexity of inverse bivariate multi-unit assignment valuation problems
• Special issue to celebrate the scientific career of Stephan Dempe
• Special issue on bilevel optimization
• Convergence of a piggyback-style method for the differentiation of solutions of standard saddle-point problems
• A successive linear relaxation method for MINLPs with multivariate Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities
• Using neural networks to solve linear bilevel problems with unknown lower level
• Numerical solution by shape optimization method to an inverse shape problem in multi-dimensional advection-diffusion problem with space dependent coefficients

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