Well-posedness of an integro-differential model for active Brownian particles

DOI10.1137/21M1462039MaRDI QIDQ5044985zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Maria Bruna, Martin Burger, Simon Schulz, Antonio Esposito

Publication date 3 November 2022

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.13245

zbMATH Keywords

parabolic equationsactive particlesGalerkin approximationperiodic heat kernelspace-periodic problems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Semilinear parabolic equations (35K58) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) PDEs in connection with biology, chemistry and other natural sciences (35Q92) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09) PDEs in connection with mechanics of particles and systems of particles (35Q70)

Abstract: We propose a general strategy for solving nonlinear integro-differential evolution problems with periodic boundary conditions, where no direct maximum/minimum principle is available. This is motivated by the study of recent macroscopic models for active Brownian particles with repulsive interactions, consisting of advection-diffusion processes in the space of particle position and orientation. We focus on one of such models, namely a semilinear parabolic equation with a nonlinear active drift term, whereby the velocity depends on the particle orientation and angle-independent overall particle density (leading to a nonlocal term by integrating out the angular variable). The main idea of the existence analysis is to exploit a-priori estimates from (approximate) entropy dissipation. The global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions is shown using a two-step Galerkin approximation with appropriate cutoff in order to obtain nonnegativity, an upper bound on the overall density and preserve a-priori estimates. Our anyalysis naturally includes the case of finite systems, corresponding to the case of a finite number of directions. The Duhamel principle is then used to obtain additional regularity of the solution, namely continuity in time-space. Motivated by the class of initial data relevant for the application, which includes perfectly aligned particles (same orientation), we extend the well-posedness result to very weak solutions allowing distributional initial data with low regularity.

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