On the triple correlations of fractional parts of

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Abstract: For fixed alphain[0,1], consider the set Salpha,N of dilated squares alpha,4alpha,9alpha,dots,N2alpha, modulo 1. Rudnick and Sarnak conjectured that for Lebesgue almost all such alpha the gap-distribution of Salpha,N is consistent with the Poisson model (in the limit as N tends to infinity). In this paper we prove a new estimate for the triple correlations associated to this problem, establishing an asymptotic expression for the third moment of the number of elements of Salpha,N in a random interval of length L/N, provided that L>N1/4+varepsilon. The threshold of 1/4 is substantially smaller than the threshold of 1/2 (which is the threshold that would be given by a na"{i}ve discrepancy estimate). Unlike the theory of pair correlations, rather little is known about triple correlations of the dilations (alphaan,extmod1)n=1infty for a non-lacunary sequence (an)n=1infty of increasing integers. This is partially due to the fact that second moment of the triple correlation function is difficult to control, and thus standard techniques involving variance bounds are not applicable. We circumvent this impasse by using an argument inspired by works of Rudnick--Sarnak--Zaharescu and Heath-Brown, which connects the triple correlation function to some modular counting problems. In an appendix we comment on the relationship between discrepancy and correlation functions, answering a question of Steinerberger.




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