Incompressible active phases at an interface. I: Formulation and axisymmetric odd flows

DOI10.1017/JFM.2022.856MaRDI QIDQ5049217zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Leroy L. Jia, William T. M. Irvine, Michael J. Shelley

Publication date 11 November 2022

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13962

zbMATH Keywords

active chiral driving stressactive monolayer dropletdisc-shaped monolayerHall stresssingular integral-differential equationStokesian dynamicstwo-dimensional chiral fluidviscous shear stress

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows (76D07) Other free boundary flows; Hele-Shaw flows (76D27) Liquid-liquid two component flows (76T06)

Abstract: Inspired by the recent realization of a 2D chiral fluid as an active monolayer droplet moving atop a 3D Stokesian fluid, we formulate mathematically its free-boundary dynamics. The surface droplet is described as a general 2D linear, incompressible, and isotropic fluid, having a viscous shear stress, an active chiral driving stress, and a Hall stress allowed by the lack of time-reversal symmetry. The droplet interacts with itself through its driven internal mechanics and by driving flows in the underlying 3D Stokes phase. We pose the dynamics as the solution to a singular integral-differential equation, over the droplet surface, using the mapping from surface stress to surface velocity for the 3D Stokes equations. Specializing to the case of axisymmetric droplets, exact representations for the chiral surface flow are given in terms of solutions to a singular integral equation, solved using both analytical and numerical techniques. For a disc-shaped monolayer, we additionally employ a semi-analytical solution that hinges on an orthogonal basis of Bessel functions and allows for efficient computation of the monolayer velocity field, which ranges from a nearly solid-body rotation to a unidirectional edge current depending on the subphase depth and the Saffman-Delbruck length. Except in the near-wall limit, these solutions have divergent surface shear stresses at droplet boundaries, a signature of systems with codimension one domains embedded in a three-dimensional medium. We further investigate the effect of a Hall viscosity, which couples radial and transverse surface velocity components, on the dynamics of a closing cavity.

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Cited in

(3)

• A drop of active matter
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• Instability of microbial droplets growing on viscous substrates

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Uses Software

• IIPBF

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