Tree- versus graph-level quasilocal Poincaré duality on S^1

DOI10.1007/S40062-015-0110-2MaRDI QIDQ505033zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Theo Johnson-Freyd

Publication date 18 January 2017

Published in Journal of Homotopy and Related Structures (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.4664

zbMATH Keywords

dioperadsFrobenius algebrahomotopy algebraproperads

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: Among its many corollaries, Poincare duality implies that the de Rham cohomology of a compact oriented manifold is a shifted commutative Frobenius algebra --- a commutative Frobenius algebra in which the comultiplication has cohomological degree equal to the dimension of the manifold. We study the question of whether this structure lifts to a "homotopy" shifted commutative Frobenius algebra structure at the cochain level. To make this question nontrivial, we impose a mild locality-type condition that we call "quasilocality": strict locality at the cochain level is unreasonable, but it is reasonable to ask for homotopically-constant families of operations that become local "in the limit." To make the question concrete, we take the manifold to be the one-dimensional circle. The answer to whether a quasilocal homotopy-Frobenius algebra structure exists turns out to depend on the choice of context in which to do homotopy algebra. There are two reasonable worlds in which to study structures (like Frobenius algebras) that involve many-to-many operations: one can work at "tree level," corresponding roughly to the world of operadic homotopy algebras and their homotopy modules; or one can work at "graph level," corresponding to the world of PROPs. For the tree-level version of our question, the answer is the unsurprising "Yes, such a structure exists" --- indeed, it is unique up to a contractible space of choices. But for the graph-level version, the answer is the surprising "No, such a structure does not exist." Most of the paper consists of computing explicitly this nonexistence, which is controlled by the numerical value of a certain obstruction, and we compute this value explicitly via a sequence of integrals.

Review text

The open and coopen 1-shift commutative Frobenius algebra structure \(\mathrm{Frob}_1\) is, in the terminology of this paper, an algebraic structure with a commutative associative product of degree zero and a cocommutative coassociative coproduct of degree 1, satisfying the Frobenius condition, without units or counits. It is a natural structure on the cohomology of the circle. This paper discusses whether it is possible to homotopically lift this structure on \(H^\bullet(S^1)\) to the cochain level. More precisely, there is a definition of quasilocal operations on the de Rham complex of the circle, and the question discussed in this paper is whether there exists a quasilocal lift of \(\mathrm{Frob}_1\). It appears that a quasilocal lift exists and is homotopically unique if we consider the \(\mathrm{Frob}_1\) structure on the cohomology of the circle in the realm of dioperads. If we interpret \(\mathrm{Frob}_1\) as a properadic structure, then a quasilocal lift does not exist.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(1)

• On quantizable odd Lie bialgebras

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