Primordial black holes from a tiny bump/dip in the inflaton potential

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2020/04/007MaRDI QIDQ5068447zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. S. Mishra, Varun Sahni

Publication date 6 April 2022

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00057

zbMATH Keywords

inflationprimordial black holesdark matter theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Potentials and capacities, extremal length and related notions in higher dimensions (31B15) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Attractors (35B41) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Black holes (83C57) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56)

Abstract: Scalar perturbations during inflation can be substantially amplified by tiny features in the inflaton potential. A bump-like feature behaves like a local speed-breaker and lowers the speed of the scalar field, thereby locally enhancing the scalar power spectrum. A bump-like feature emerges naturally if the base inflaton potential $V_b(phi)$ contains a local correction term such as $V_b(phi)left[1+varepsilon(phi)ight]$ at $phi=ph{i}_0$. The presence of such a localised correction term at $ph{i}_0$ leads to a large peak in the curvature power spectrum and to an enhanced probability of black hole formation. Remarkably this does not significantly affect the scalar spectral index $n_{{}_S}$ and tensor to scalar ratio $r$ on CMB scales. Consequently such models can produce higher mass primordial black holes ($M_{mPBH}geq1M_{odot}$) in contrast to models with `near inflection-point potentials' in which generating higher mass black holes severely affects $n_{{}_S}$ and $r$. With a suitable choice of the base potential - such as the string theory based (KKLT) inflation or the $alpha$-attractor models - the amplification of primordial scalar power spectrum can be as large as $10^7$ which leads to a significant contribution of primordial black holes (PBHs) to the dark matter density today, $f_{mPBH}=Omeg{a}_{0,mPBH}/Omeg{a}_{0,mDM}simO(1)$. Interestingly, our results remain valid if the bump is replaced by a dip. In this case the base inflaton potential $V_b(phi)$ contains a negative local correction term such as $V_b(phi)left[1-varepsilon(phi)ight]$ at $phi=ph{i}_0$ which leads to an enhanced probability of PBH formation. We conclude that primordial black holes in the mass range $10^{-17}{M}_{odot}leq{M}_{mPBH}leq100,M_{odot}$ can easily form in single field inflation in the presence of small bump-like and dip-like features in the inflaton potential.

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