Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Surgery obstructions, Wall groups (57R67) Other elementary particle theory in quantum theory (81V25) Mono-, di- and multipole moments (EM and other), gyromagnetic relations (81V60) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56) Black holes (83C57) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)
Abstract: Oscillons are extremely long-lived, spatially-localized field configurations in real-valued scalar field theories that slowly lose energy via radiation of scalar waves. Before their eventual demise, oscillons can pass through (one or more) exceptionally stable field configurations where their decay rate is highly suppressed. We provide an improved calculation of the non-trivial behavior of the decay rates, and lifetimes of oscillons. In particular, our calculation correctly captures the existence (or absence) of the exceptionally long-lived states for large amplitude oscillons in a broad class of potentials, including non-polynomial potentials that flatten at large field values. The key underlying reason for the improved (by many orders of magnitude in some cases) calculation is the systematic inclusion of a spacetime-dependent effective mass term in the equation describing the radiation emitted by oscillons (in addition to a source term). Our results for the exceptionally stable configurations, decay rates, and lifetime of large amplitude oscillons (in some cases oscillations) in such flattened potentials might be relevant for cosmological applications.
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