Galactic condensates composed of multiple axion species
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Other elementary particle theory in quantum theory (81V25) Bosonic systems in quantum theory (81V73) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56) Galactic and stellar structure (85A15)
Abstract: Ultralight scalar dark matter has been proposed to constitute a component of dark matter, though the minimal scenarios have increasingly become constrained. In this work, we analyze scenarios where the dark matter consists of more than one ultralight boson, each with different masses. This potentially leads to formation of gravitationally-bound Bose-Einstein condensates with structures that are very different from condensates composed of a single scalar field. By generalizing from the well-understood single-flavor case, we explore a large range of input parameters, subject to stability criteria, and determine the allowed parameter space for two-flavor condensates as a function of particle physics parameters, paying particular attention to cases where such condensates could compose galactic cores. We also analyze single-flavor condensates subject to external gravity from massive inner bodies and find that such systems may mimic the size of galactic cores as well.
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