Dynamical structure factors of dynamical quantum simulators

DOI10.1073/PNAS.2006103117MaRDI QIDQ5073186zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Maria Laura Baez, Marcel Goihl, Jens Eisert

Publication date 5 May 2022

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06076

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum algorithms and complexity in the theory of computing (68Q12) Mathematical modeling or simulation for problems pertaining to quantum theory (81-10) Quantum computation (81P68) Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and systems on graphs in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C20)

Abstract: The dynamical structure factor is one of the experimental quantities crucial in scrutinizing the validity of the microscopic description of strongly correlated systems. However, despite its long-standing importance, it is exceedingly difficult in generic cases to numerically calculate it, ensuring that the necessary approximations involved yield a correct result. Acknowledging this practical difficulty, we discuss in what way results on the hardness of classically tracking time evolution under local Hamiltonians are precisely inherited by dynamical structure factors; and hence offer in the same way the potential computational capabilities that dynamical quantum simulators do: We argue that practically accessible variants of the dynamical structure factors are BQP-hard for general local Hamiltonians. Complementing these conceptual insights, we improve upon a novel, readily available, measurement setup allowing for the determination of the dynamical structure factor in different architectures, including arrays of ultra-cold atoms, trapped ions, Rydberg atoms, and superconducting qubits. Our results suggest that quantum simulations employing near-term noisy intermediate scale quantum devices should allow for the observation of features of dynamical structure factors of correlated quantum matter in the presence of experimental imperfections, for larger system sizes than what is achievable by classical simulation.

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Cites work

• BQP and the polynomial hierarchy
• Critical phenomena and Kibble–Zurek scaling in the long-range quantum Ising chain
• Nonequilibrium linear response for Markov dynamics. I: Jump processes and overdamped diffusions
• Nonequilibrium Quantum Field Theory
• Oracle separation of BQP and PH
• Quantum phase transitions
• Quantum spin dynamics and entanglement generation with hundreds of trapped ions
• Spectral gap and exponential decay of correlations
• The Complexity of the Local Hamiltonian Problem

Cited in

(2)

• Structural aspects of FRG in quantum tunneling computations
• Density response and correlation functions in the Wigner path integral representation. Monte Carlo simulations

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