Coalgebras governing both weighted Hurwitz products and their pointwise transforms
Fix a number \(\lambda \in k\) and a \(k\)-algebra. The \(\lambda\)-weighted Hurwitz product on \(A^{\mathbb{N}}\) is defined by the equation \[ (a{\cdot}^{\lambda}b):=\sum_{n=r+s+t}\begin{pmatrix} n\\r,s,t \end{pmatrix}\lambda^{t}a_{r+t}b_{s+t}. \] The authors realize that the \(k\)-algebra \((A^{\mathbb{N}}, \cdot^{\lambda})\) is the cofree \(\lambda\)-weighted differential algebra on \(A\). And they proved that \((A^{\mathbb{N}}, \cdot^{\lambda})\cong (A^{\mathbb{N}}, \text{pointwise})\) if \(\lambda\) is invertible. The key observation of the authors is that this isomorphism can be explained in terms of convolution with suitable bialgebras and these bialgebras are in fact obtained in a particularly straightforward way by freely generating from pointed coalgebras.
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