Logically-consistent hypothesis testing and the hexagon of oppositions

DOI10.1093/JIGPAL/JZX024MaRDI QIDQ5095628zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julio Michael Stern, Rafael Izbicki, Luís Gustavo Esteves, Rafael B. Stern

Publication date 10 August 2022

Published in Logic Journal of the IGPL (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07662

zbMATH Keywords

agnostic hypothesis testshexagon of oppositionslogical consistencyprobabilistic and alethic modalitiesstatistical hypothesis tests

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modal logic (including the logic of norms) (03B45) Other applications of logic (03B80) Foundations and philosophical topics in statistics (62A01)

Abstract: Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. In order to address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that they can be logically consistent while retaining statistical optimality properties. This paper characterizes the credal modalities in agnostic hypothesis tests and uses the hexagon of oppositions to explain the logical relations between these modalities. Geometric solids that are composed of hexagons of oppositions illustrate the conditions for these modalities to be logically consistent. Prisms composed of hexagons of oppositions show how the credal modalities obtained from two agnostic tests vary according to their threshold values. Nested hexagons of oppositions summarize logical relations between the credal modalities in these tests and prove new relations.

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Cited in

(13)

• The \(e\)-value: a fully Bayesian significance measure for precise statistical hypotheses and its research program
• Logical coherence in Bayesian simultaneous three-way hypothesis tests
• A Logic for Assessing Sets of Heterogeneous Testing Hypotheses
• Logical consistency in simultaneous statistical test procedures
• Frequentist-Bayesian Monte Carlo testing
• Color-coded epistemic modes in a Jungian hexagon of opposition
• Modern versus classical structures of opposition: a discussion
• Dynamic oppositional symmetries for color, Jungian and Kantian categories
• An axiomatic development of Pereira-Stern e-value as a measure of support for statistical hypotheses
• A logical framework for data-driven reasoning
• Advantages of certain Bayes estimators as preferred alternatives to frequentist methods
• Adding imprecision to hypotheses: a Bayesian framework for testing practical significance in nonparametric settings
• Agnostic tests can control the type I and type II errors simultaneously

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