Vacuum energy and renormalization of the field-independent term

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2022/03/062MaRDI QIDQ5099227zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors I. G. Márián, Andrea Trombettoni, I. Nándori, Ulrich D. Jentschura, N. Defenu

Publication date 31 August 2022

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06069

zbMATH Keywords

cosmological parameters from CMBRdark energy theoryinflationparticle physics-cosmology connection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Renormalization group methods applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T17) Nuclear physics (81V35) Renormalization group methods in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B28) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Abstract: Due to its construction, the nonperturbative renormalization group (RG) evolution of the constant, field-independent term (which is constant with respect to field variations but depends on the RG scale $k$) requires special care within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach. In several instances, the constant term of the potential has no physical meaning. However, there are special cases where it receives important applications. In low dimensions ($d=1$), in a quantum mechanical model, this term is associated with the ground-state energy of the anharmonic oscillator. In higher dimensions ($d=4$), it is identical to the $Lambda$ term of the Einstein equations and it plays a role in cosmic inflation. Thus, in statistical field theory, in flat space, the constant term could be associated with the free energy, while in curved space, it could be naturally associated with the cosmological constant. It is known that one has to use a subtraction method for the quantum anharmonic oscillator in $d=1$ to remove the $k^2$ term that appears in the RG flow in its high-energy (UV) limit in order to recover the correct results for the ground-state energy. The subtraction is needed because the Gaussian fixed point is missing in the RG flow once the constant term is included. However, if the Gaussian fixed point is there, no further subtraction is required. Here, we propose a subtraction method for $k^4$ and $k^2$ terms of the UV scaling of the RG equations for $d=4$ dimensions if the Gaussian fixed point is missing in the RG flow with the constant term. Finally, comments on the application of our results to cosmological models are provided.

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Cited in

(6)

• Regularizing (away) vacuum energy
• Thoughts on the vacuum energy in the quantum N-portrait
• Vacuum energy density in arbitrary background fields
• Mass dependence of vacuum energy
• Time evolution and thermal renormalization group flow in cosmology
• Calculating vacuum energies in renormalizable quantum field theories: A new approach to the Casimir problem

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