Revisiting dark matter freeze-in and freeze-out through phase-space distribution

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Publication:5099240



Abstract: We revisit dark-matter production through freeze-in and freeze-out by solving the Boltzmann equations at the level of the phase-space distribution f(p,t). Using the 2o2 annihilation and the 1o2 decay processes for illustration, we compare the resulting dark-matter relic abundance with that from the number-density approach. In the transition regime between freeze-in and freeze-out, we find the difference can be quite significant, or even by orders of magnitude if the annihilation of dark-matter particles or the decaying mediator is neglected. The freeze-in production in the 2o2 and the 1o2 processes can also result in non-thermal phase-space distributions, or even multi-modal ones with out-of-equilibrium decay, which can potentially affect structure formation at late times. We also investigate how elastic scatterings can distort such non-thermal distributions.












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