Implications of stochastic effects for primordial black hole production in ultra-slow-roll inflation

DOI10.1088/1475-7516/2022/05/027MaRDI QIDQ5099306zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Daniel G. Figueroa, Sami Raatikainen, Syksy Räsänen, Eemeli Tomberg

Publication date 31 August 2022

Published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07437

zbMATH Keywords

inflationprimordial black holesdark matter theorymassive black holes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Non-Markovian processes: estimation (62M09) Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) White noise theory (60H40) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Black holes (83C57) Geometrodynamics and the holographic principle (83E05) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56) Mathematical modeling or simulation for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-10)

Abstract: We study the impact of stochastic noise on the generation of primordial black hole (PBH) seeds in ultra-slow-roll (USR) inflation with numerical simulations. We consider the non-linearity of the system by consistently taking into account the noise dependence on the inflaton perturbations, while evolving the perturbations on the coarse-grained background affected by the noise. We capture in this way the non-Markovian nature of the dynamics, and demonstrate that non-Markovian effects are subleading. Using the $DeltaN$ formalism, we find the probability distribution $P(mathcalR)$ of the comoving curvature perturbation $mathcalR$. We consider inflationary potentials that fit the CMB and lead to PBH dark matter with $i)$ asteroid, $ii)$ solar, or $iii)$ Planck mass, as well as $iv)$ PBHs that form the seeds of supermassive black holes. We find that stochastic effects enhance the PBH abundance by a factor of $mathcalO(10)-mathcalO(10^8)$, depending on the PBH mass. We also show that the usual approximation, where stochastic kicks depend only on the Hubble rate, either underestimates or overestimates the abundance by orders of magnitude, depending on the potential. We evaluate the gauge dependence of the results, discuss the quantum-to-classical transition, and highlight open issues of the application of the stochastic formalism to USR inflation.

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