Optimal stencils in Sobolev spaces

DOI10.1093/IMANUM/DRX076MaRDI QIDQ5113340zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Robert Schaback, O. Davydov

Publication date 4 June 2020

Published in IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04750

zbMATH Keywords

consistencyradial basis functionsSobolev spaceskernelsmeshless methodsfinite differencesBeppo-Levi spacesapproximation of functionals

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite difference methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N06) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N12)

Abstract: This paper proves that the approximation of pointwise derivatives of order $s$ of functions in Sobolev space $W_2^m(R^d)$ by linear combinations of function values cannot have a convergence rate better than $m-s-d/2$, no matter how many nodes are used for approximation and where they are placed. These convergence rates are attained by {em scalable} approximations that are exact on polynomials of order at least $lfloorm-d/2floor+1$, proving that the rates are optimal for given $m,,s,$ and $d$. And, for a fixed node set $Xsubset{R}^d$, the convergence rate in any Sobolev space $W_2^m(Omega)$ cannot be better than $q-s$ where $q$ is the maximal possible order of polynomial exactness of approximations based on $X$, no matter how large $m$ is. In particular,scalable stencil constructions via polyharmonic kernels are shown to realize the optimal convergence rates, and good approximations of their error in Sobolev space can be calculated via their error in Beppo-Levi spaces. This allows to construct near-optimal stencils in Sobolev spaces stably and efficiently, for use in meshless methods to solve partial differential equations via generalized finite differences (RBF-FD). Numerical examples are included for illustration.

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