Super-resolution of time-splitting methods for the Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic regime

DOI10.1090/MCOM/3536zbMATH Open1440.35286arXiv1811.02174OpenAlexW3008781546MaRDI QIDQ5113664FDOQ5113664

Jia Yin, Yongyong Cai, Weizhu Bao

Publication date: 15 June 2020

Published in: Mathematics of Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We establish error bounds of the Lie-Trotter splitting ($S_1$) and Strang splitting ($S_2$) for the Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime in the absence of external magnetic potentials, with a small parameter $0<varepsilonleq1$ inversely proportional to the speed of light. In this limit regime, the solution propagates waves with $O(varepsilo{n}^2)$ wavelength in time. Surprisingly, we find out that the splitting methods exhibit super-resolution, in the sense of breaking the resolution constraint under the Shannon's sampling theorem, i.e. the methods can capture the solutions accurately even if the time step size $au$ is much larger than the sampled wavelength at $O(varepsilo{n}^2)$. $S_1$ shows $1/2$ order convergence uniformly with respect to $varepsilon$, by establishing that there are two independent error bounds $au+varepsilon$ and $au+au/varepsilon$. Moreover, if $au$ is non-resonant, i.e. $au$ is away from certain region determined by $varepsilon$, $S_1$ would yield an improved uniform first order $O(au)$ error bound. In addition, we show $S_2$ is uniformly convergent with 1/2 order rate for general time step size $au$ and uniformly convergent with $3/2$ order rate for non-resonant time step size. Finally, numerical examples are reported to validate our findings.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.02174

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zbMATH Keywords

Dirac equationsuper-resolutiontime-splittinguniform error boundnonrelativistic regime

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) Spectral, collocation and related methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N35) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Spectral, collocation and related methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M70)

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Cited In (15)

• Uniform Error Bounds of Time-Splitting Methods for the Nonlinear Dirac Equation in the Nonrelativistic Regime without Magnetic Potential
• Splitting methods for differential equations
• Error estimates of finite difference methods for the Dirac equation in the massless and nonrelativistic regime
• Explicit and structure-preserving exponential wave integrator Fourier pseudo-spectral methods for the Dirac equation in the simultaneously massless and nonrelativistic regime
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• Improved Uniform Error Bounds on Time-Splitting Methods for the Long-Time Dynamics of the Dirac Equation with Small Potentials
• Improved error bounds of the Strang splitting method for the highly oscillatory fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation

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