Classical invariant theory for free metabelian Lie algebras

Abstract: Let

K X_{d}

be a vector space with basis

X_{d} = x_{1}, l d o t s, x_{d}

over a field

K

of characteristic 0. One of the main topics of classical invariant theory is the study of the algebra of invariants

K [X_{d}]^{S L_{2} (K)}

, where

K X_{d}

is a module of the special linear group

S L_{2} (K)

isomorphic to a direct sum

V_{k_{1}} o p l u s c d o t s o p l u s V_{k_{r}}

and

V_{k}

is the

S L_{2} (K)

-module of binary forms of degree

k

. Noncommutative invariant theory deals with the algebra of invariants

F_{d} (m a t h f r a k V)^{G}

of the group

G < G L_{d} (K)

acting on the relatively free algebra

F_{d} (m a t h f r a k V)

of a variety of

K

-algebras

m a t h f r a k V

. In this paper we consider the free metabelian Lie algebra

F_{d} ({m a t h f r a k A}^{2})

which is the relatively free algebra in the variety

{m a t h f r a k A}^{2}

of metabelian (solvable of class 2) Lie algebras. We study the algebra

F_{d} ({m a t h f r a k A}^{2})^{S L_{2} (K)}

of

S L_{2} (K)

-invariants of

F_{d} ({m a t h f r a k A}^{2})

. We describe the cases when this algebra is finitely generated. This happens if and only if

K X_{d} c o n g V_{1} o p l u s V_{0} o p l u s c d o t s o p l u s V_{0}

or

K X_{d} c o n g V_{2}

as an

S L_{2} (K)

-module (and in the trivial case

K X_{d} c o n g V_{0} o p l u s c d o t s o p l u s V_{0}

). For small

d

we give a list of generators even when

F_{d} ({m a t h f r a k A}^{2})^{S L_{2} (K)}

is not finitely generated. The methods for establishing that the algebra

F_{d} ({m a t h f r a k A}^{2})^{S L_{2} (K)}

is not finitely generated work also for other relatively free algebras

F_{d} (m a t h f r a k V)

and for other groups

G

.

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