On planar Cayley graphs and Kleinian groups

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8026zbMATH Open1442.05086arXiv1905.06669OpenAlexW2983724666MaRDI QIDQ5114744FDOQ5114744

Agelos Georgakopoulos

Publication date: 25 June 2020

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $G$ be a finitely generated group acting faithfully and properly discontinuously by homeomorphisms on a planar surface $Xsubseteqmathbb{S}^2$. We prove that $G$ admits such an action that is in addition co-compact, provided we can replace $X$ by another surface $Ysubseteqmathbb{S}^2$. We also prove that if a group $H$ has a finitely generated Cayley (multi-)graph $C$ covariantly embeddable in $mathbb{S}^2$, then $C$ can be chosen so as to have no infinite path on the boundary of a face. The proofs of these facts are intertwined, and the classes of groups they define coincide. In the orientation-preserving case they are exactly the (isomorphism types of) finitely generated Kleinian function groups. We construct a finitely generated planar Cayley graph whose group is not in this class. In passing, we observe that the Freudenthal compactification of every planar surface is homeomorphic to the sphere.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.06669

zbMATH Keywords

equivariant embeddingKleinian groupsproperly discontinuous actionsFreudenthal compactificationplanar Cayley graphsplanar surface

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Topological methods in group theory (57M07) Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

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