A new proof of a classical result on the topology of orientable connected and compact surfaces by means of the Bochner technique

MaRDI QIDQ5116787zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Alfonso Romero, Jose Maria Almira

Publication date 18 August 2020

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08821, http://www.seminariomatematico.polito.it/rendiconti/77-1/Almira_Romero.pdf

zbMATH Keywords

Gauss curvatureGauss-Bonnet theoremBochner techniqueorientable compact connected surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23) Vector fields, frame fields in differential topology (57R25)

Abstract: As an application of the Bochner formula, we prove that if a $2$-dimensional Riemannian manifold admits a non-trivial smooth tangent vector field $X$ then its Gauss curvature is the divergence of a tangent vector field, constructed from $X$, defined on the open subset out the zeroes of $X$. Thanks to the Whitney embedding theorem and a standard approximation procedure, as a consequence, we give a new proof of the following well-known fact: if on an orientable, connected and compact $2$-dimensional smooth manifold there exists a continuous tangent vector field with no zeroes, then the manifold is diffeomorphic (or equivalently homeomorphic) to a torus.

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