Stretching factors, metrics and train tracks for free products

zbMATH Open1382.20031arXiv1312.4172MaRDI QIDQ512471FDOQ512471

Authors: Stefano Francaviglia, Armando Martino 

Publication date: 27 February 2017

Published in: Illinois Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we develop the metric theory for the outer space of a free product of groups. This generalizes the theory of the outer space of a free group, and includes its relative versions. The outer space of a free product is made of $G$-trees with possibly non-trivial vertex stabilisers. The strategies are the same as in the classical case, with some technicalities arising from the presence of infinite-valence vertices. In particular, we describe the Lipschitz metric and show how to compute it; we prove the existence of optimal maps; we describe geodesics represented by folding paths. We show that train tracks representative of irreducible (hence hyperbolic) automorphisms exist and that their are metrically characterized as minimal displaced points, showing in particular that the set of train tracks is closed. We include a proof of the existence of simplicial train tracks map without using Perron-Frobenius theory. A direct corollary of this general viewpoint is an easy proof that relative train track maps exist in both the free group and free product case.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.4172

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zbMATH Keywords

Lipschitz metricouter spacefree product of groupsirreducible automorphismstrain tracks

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Groups acting on trees (20E08) Automorphisms of infinite groups (20E36) Geometric group theory (20F65) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Cited In (17)

• Train track maps on graphs of groups
• Asymmetry of outer space of a free product
• Boundaries of relative factor graphs and subgroup classification for automorphisms of free products
• Displacements of automorphisms of free groups. II: Connectivity of level sets and decision problems
• Relative hyperbolicity of hyperbolic-by-cyclic groups
• Cocycle superrigidity from higher rank lattices to \(\mathrm{Out}{(F_N)}\)
• Boundary amenability of $Out(F_N)$
• A Bers-like proof of the existence of train tracks for free group automorphisms.
• Displacements of automorphisms of free groups I: Displacement functions, minpoints and train tracks
• The minimally displaced set of an irreducible automorphism of \(F_N\) is co-compact
• Hyperbolic hyperbolic-by-cyclic groups are cubulable
• The Lipschitz metric on deformation spaces of \(G\)-trees
• The dynamics and geometry of free group endomorphisms
• Patterson-Sullivan currents, generic stretching factors and the asymmetric Lipschitz metric for outer space
• Relative hyperbolicity for automorphisms of free products and free groups
• Lipschitz metric isometries between outer spaces of virtually free groups
• The minimally displaced set of an irreducible automorphism is locally finite

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