Spectrally unstable domains

Abstract: Let

H

be a separable Hilbert space,

A_{c} : m a t h c a l D_{c} s u b s e t H o H

a densely defined unbounded operator, bounded from below, let

m a t h c a l D_{m i n}

be the domain of the closure of

A_{c}

and

m a t h c a l D_{m a x}

that of the adjoint. Assume that

m a t h c a l D_{m a x}

with the graph norm is compactly contained in

H

and that

m a t h c a l D_{m i n}

has finite positive codimension in

m a t h c a l D_{m a x}

. Then the set of domains of selfadjoint extensions of

A_{c}

has the structure of a finite-dimensional manifold

m a t h f r a k S A

and the spectrum of each of its selfadjoint extensions is bounded from below. If

z e t a

is strictly below the spectrum of

A

with a given domain

m a t h c a l D_{0} i n m a t h f r a k S A

, then

z e t a

is not in the spectrum of

A

with domain

m a t h c a l D i n m a t h f r a k S A

near

m a t h c a l D_{0}

. But

m a t h f r a k S A

contains elements

m a t h c a l D_{0}

with the property that for every neighborhood

U

of

m a t h c a l D_{0}

and every

z e t a i n m a t h b b R

there is

m a t h c a l D i n U

such that

m a t h r m s p e c (A_{m} a t h c a l D) c a p (- i n f t y, z e t a) e e m p t y s e t

. We characterize these "spectrally unstable" domains as being those satisfying a nontrivial relation with the domain of the Friedrichs extension of

A_{c}

.

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