Bulk-edge correspondence, spectral flow and Atiyah-Patodi-Singer theorem for the Z₂-invariant in topological insulators

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2017.01.018zbMATH Open1356.82039arXiv1607.02345OpenAlexW2581741815MaRDI QIDQ512733FDOQ512733

Authors: Yue Yu, Yong-Shi Wu, Xincheng Xie 

Publication date: 27 February 2017

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the bulk-edge correspondence in topological insulators by taking Fu-Kane spin pumping model as an example. We show that the Kane-Mele invariant in this model is Z2 invariant modulo the spectral flow of a single-parameter family of 1+1-dimensional Dirac operators with a global boundary condition induced by the Kramers degeneracy of the system. This spectral flow is defined as an integer which counts the difference between the number of eigenvalues of the Dirac operator family that flow from negative to non-negative and the number of eigenvalues that flow from non-negative to negative. Since the bulk states of the insulator are completely gapped and the ground state is assumed being no more degenerate except the Kramers, they do not contribute to the spectral flow and only edge states contribute to. The parity of the number of the Kramers pairs of gapless edge states is exactly the same as that of the spectral flow. This reveals the origin of the edge-bulk correspondence, i.e., why the edge states can be used to characterize the topological insulators. Furthermore, the spectral flow is related to the reduced eta-invariant and thus counts both the discrete ground state degeneracy and the continuous gapless excitations, which distinguishes the topological insulator from the conventional band insulator even if the edge states open a gap due to a strong interaction between edge modes. We emphasize that these results are also valid even for a weak disordered and/or weak interacting system. The higher spectral flow to categorize the higher-dimensional topological insulators are expected.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02345

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants (58J28) Statistical mechanics of solids (82D20) Dynamics of disordered systems (random Ising systems, etc.) in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C44)

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Cited In (15)

• An elementary proof and detailed investigation of the bulk-boundary correspondence in the generic two-band model of Chern insulators
• Bulk-edge correspondence and the cobordism invariance of the index
• Persistence of spin edge currents in disordered quantum spin Hall systems
• Bulk-edge correspondence for two-dimensional topological insulators
• Spectral flow of fermions in the \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) (anti-)instanton, and the sphaleron with vanishing topological charge
• A bulk-edge correspondence between the second Chern number and the spectral flow
• Bulk-boundary correspondence for topological insulators with quantized magneto-electric effect
• Spectral flows of Toeplitz operators and bulk-edge correspondence
• The edge spectrum of Chern insulators with rough boundaries
• Spectral flow of monopole insertion in topological insulators
• The bulk-edge correspondence in three simple cases
• `Real' Gerbes and Dirac cones of topological insulators
• Non-Hermitian Chern number in rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection
• Mod-two APS index and domain-wall fermion
• The Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index and domain-wall fermion Dirac operators

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