Squared quadratic Wasserstein distance: optimal couplings and Lions differentiability

DOI10.1051/PS/2020013MaRDI QIDQ5140338zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Aurélien Alfonsi, Benjamin Jourdain

Publication date 15 December 2020

Published in ESAIM: Probability and Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07787

zbMATH Keywords

optimal transportWasserstein distancedifferentiabilityconvex ordercouplings of probability measures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities; stochastic orderings (60E15) Martingales with discrete parameter (60G42) Special problems of linear programming (transportation, multi-index, data envelopment analysis, etc.) (90C08) Differentiability questions for infinite-dimensional manifolds (58B10) Fréchet and Gateaux differentiability in optimization (49J50)

Abstract: In this paper, we remark that any optimal coupling for the quadratic Wasserstein distance $W_2^2(mu,u)$ between two probability measures $mu$ and $u$ with finite second order moments on $mathbb{R}^d$ is the composition of a martingale coupling with an optimal transport map $mathcalT$. We check the existence of an optimal coupling in which this map gives the unique optimal coupling between $mu$ and $$. Next, we give a direct proof that $sigmamapsto{W}_2^2(sigma,u)$ is differentiable at $mu$ in the Lions sense iff there is a unique optimal coupling between $mu$ and $u$ and this coupling is given by a map. It was known combining results by Ambrosio, Gigli and Savar'e and Ambrosio and Gangbo that, under the latter condition, geometric differentiability holds. Moreover, the two notions of differentiability are equivalent according to the recent paper of Gangbo and Tudorascu. Besides, we give a self-contained probabilistic proof that mere Fr'echet differentiability of a law invariant function $F$ on $L^2(Omega,mathbbP;mathbb{R}^d)$ is enough for the Fr'echet differential at $X$ to be a measurable function of $X$.

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Cited in

(10)

• An introduction to mean field game theory
• A smooth variational principle on Wasserstein space
• Monotone solutions of the master equation for mean field games with idiosyncratic noise
• An optimal transport-based characterization of convex order
• Solving mean field rough differential equations
• Dynamical Systems and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations on the Wasserstein Space and their L² Representations
• Optimal Couplings of Kantorovich-Rubinstein-Wasserstein Lp-distance
• Propagation of chaos for mean field Schrödinger problems
• Deterministic optimal control on Riemannian manifolds under probability knowledge of the initial condition
• Optimal vector quantization in terms of Wasserstein distance

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