Quantum magic squares: dilations and their limitations

DOI10.1063/5.0022344zbMATH Open1454.05018arXiv1912.07332OpenAlexW3101642943MaRDI QIDQ5141127FDOQ5141127

Authors: Gemma De las Cuevas, Tom Drescher, Tim Netzer 

Publication date: 17 December 2020

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Quantum permutation matrices and quantum magic squares are generalizations of permutation matrices and magic squares, where the entries are no longer numbers but elements from arbitrary (non-commutative) algebras. The famous Birkhoff--von Neumann Theorem characterizes magic squares as convex combinations of permutation matrices. In the non-commutative case, the corresponding question is: Does every quantum magic square belong to the matrix convex hull of quantum permutation matrices? That is, does every quantum magic square dilate to a quantum permutation matrix? Here we show that this is false even in the simplest non-commutative case. We also classify the quantum magic squares that dilate to a quantum permutation matrix with commuting entries, and prove a quantitative lower bound on the diameter of this set. Finally, we conclude that not all Arveson extreme points of the free spectrahedron of quantum magic squares are quantum permutation matrices.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.07332

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zbMATH Keywords

Birkhoff-von Neumann theoremquantum permutation matrixspectrahedron of quantum magic squares

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares (05B15) Combinatorial aspects of matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.) (05B20) Stochastic matrices (15B51) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45)

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Cited In (10)

• Quantum advantage through the magic pentagram problem
• Quantum version of Euler's problem: a geometric perspective
• Birkhoff–von Neumann's theorem, doubly normalized tensors, and joint measurability
• Discrete dynamics in the set of quantum measurements
• Quantum hypergraph homomorphisms and non-local games
• Quantifying magic for multi-qubit operations
• Magic squares: Latin, semiclassical, and quantum
• Matrix extreme points and free extreme points of free spectrahedra
• Polytope compatibility—From quantum measurements to magic squares
• Free extreme points span generalized free spectrahedra given by compact coefficients

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