The enhanced common index jump theorem for symplectic paths and non-hyperbolic closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds

DOI10.1007/S00526-016-1075-7MaRDI QIDQ514264zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Wei Wang, Huagui Duan, Yiming Long

Publication date 1 March 2017

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02872

zbMATH Keywords

free loop spaceMorse theorybumpy metriccommon index jump theoremnon-hyperbolic closed geodesics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Global differential geometry of Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal metrics) (53C60) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10)

Abstract: In this paper, we first generalize the common index jump theorem for symplectic matrix paths proved in 2002 by Long and Zhu in [LoZ], and get an enhanced version of it. As its applications, we further prove that for a compact simply-connected manifold $(M,F)$ with a bumpy, irreversible Finsler metric $F$ and $$ for some even integer $dge2$ and integer $nge1$, there exist at least $fracdn(n+1)2$ distinct non-hyperbolic closed geodesics with odd Morse indices, provided the number of distinct prime closed geodesics is finite and every prime closed geodesic satisfies $i(c)>0$. Note that the last non-zero index condition is satisfied if the flag curvature $K$ satisfies $Kge0$. For an odd-dimensional bumpy Finsler sphere $(S^d,F)$, there exist at least $(d+1)$ distinct prime closed geodesics with even Morse indices, and at least $(d-1)$ of which are non-hyperbolic, provided the number of distinct prime closed geodesics is finite and every prime closed geodesic $c$ satisfies $i(c)ge2$. Note that the last index condition $i(c)ge2$ is satisfied if the reversibility $lambda$ and the flag curvature $K$ of $(M,F)$ satisfy $fraclambd{a}^2(1+lambda{)}^2<Kle1$. Note that the first two in the above three lower bound estimates are sharp due to Katok's examples. In addition, we also prove that either there exists at least one non-hyperbolic closed geodesic, or there exist infinitely many distinct closed geodesics on a compact simply connected bumpy Finsler $(M,F)$ satisfying the above cohomological condition with some even integer $dge2$ and integer $nge1$.

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Cited in

(23)

• Dynamical convexity and closed orbits on symmetric spheres
• Non-hyperbolic closed characteristics on non-degenerate star-shaped hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\)
• The existence of two non-contractible closed geodesics on every bumpy Finsler compact space form
• A review of the index method in closed geodesic problem
• The optimal lower bound estimation of the number of closed geodesics on Finsler compact space form \(S^{2n+1}/ \Gamma \)
• Two closed orbits for non-degenerate Reeb flows
• A symmetric property in the enhanced common index jump theorem with applications to the closed geodesic problem
• Multiplicity of closed Reeb orbits on prequantization bundles
• Multiplicity of closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler manifolds with elliptic closed geodesics
• Resonance identity and multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^n\)
• The Fadell-Rabinowitz index and multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^n\)
• A dichotomy result for closed characteristics on compact star-shaped hypersurfaces in \(\mathbf{R}^{2n}\)
• Closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler 3-spheres
• The non-contractibility of closed geodesics on Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^n\)
• Bumpy metrics on spheres and minimal index growth
• The growth of the number of periodic orbits for annulus homeomorphisms and non-contractible closed geodesics on Riemannian or Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^2\)
• Index iteration theories for periodic orbits: old and new
• Multiple closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler manifolds
• Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory and closed Reeb orbits
• The Fadell-Rabinowitz Index and Closed Geodesics
• Multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler compact space forms
• Generalized common index jump theorem with applications to closed characteristics on star-shaped hypersurfaces and beyond
• Finsler spheres with constant flag curvature and finite orbits of prime closed geodesics

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