The enhanced common index jump theorem for symplectic paths and non-hyperbolic closed geodesics on Finsler manifolds

DOI10.1007/S00526-016-1075-7zbMATH Open1381.53071arXiv1510.02872OpenAlexW2963140856MaRDI QIDQ514264FDOQ514264

Authors: Wei Wang, Huagui Duan, Yiming Long 

Publication date: 1 March 2017

Published in: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we first generalize the common index jump theorem for symplectic matrix paths proved in 2002 by Long and Zhu in [LoZ], and get an enhanced version of it. As its applications, we further prove that for a compact simply-connected manifold $(M,F)$ with a bumpy, irreversible Finsler metric $F$ and $$ for some even integer $dge2$ and integer $nge1$, there exist at least $fracdn(n+1)2$ distinct non-hyperbolic closed geodesics with odd Morse indices, provided the number of distinct prime closed geodesics is finite and every prime closed geodesic satisfies $i(c)>0$. Note that the last non-zero index condition is satisfied if the flag curvature $K$ satisfies $Kge0$. For an odd-dimensional bumpy Finsler sphere $(S^d,F)$, there exist at least $(d+1)$ distinct prime closed geodesics with even Morse indices, and at least $(d-1)$ of which are non-hyperbolic, provided the number of distinct prime closed geodesics is finite and every prime closed geodesic $c$ satisfies $i(c)ge2$. Note that the last index condition $i(c)ge2$ is satisfied if the reversibility $lambda$ and the flag curvature $K$ of $(M,F)$ satisfy $fraclambd{a}^2(1+lambda{)}^2<Kle1$. Note that the first two in the above three lower bound estimates are sharp due to Katok's examples. In addition, we also prove that either there exists at least one non-hyperbolic closed geodesic, or there exist infinitely many distinct closed geodesics on a compact simply connected bumpy Finsler $(M,F)$ satisfying the above cohomological condition with some even integer $dge2$ and integer $nge1$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02872

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zbMATH Keywords

free loop spaceMorse theorybumpy metriccommon index jump theoremnon-hyperbolic closed geodesics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Global differential geometry of Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal metrics) (53C60) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10)

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Cited In (24)

• Two elliptic closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres
• Dynamical convexity and closed orbits on symmetric spheres
• The growth of the number of periodic orbits for annulus homeomorphisms and non-contractible closed geodesics on Riemannian or Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^2\)
• Multiplicity of closed Reeb orbits on prequantization bundles
• Non-hyperbolic closed characteristics on non-degenerate star-shaped hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\)
• A review of the index method in closed geodesic problem
• A symmetric property in the enhanced common index jump theorem with applications to the closed geodesic problem
• The optimal lower bound estimation of the number of closed geodesics on Finsler compact space form \(S^{2n+1}/ \Gamma \)
• The Fadell-Rabinowitz index and multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^n\)
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• Lusternik-Schnirelmann theory and closed Reeb orbits
• The existence of two non-contractible closed geodesics on every bumpy Finsler compact space form
• The Fadell-Rabinowitz Index and Closed Geodesics
• Two closed orbits for non-degenerate Reeb flows
• Closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler 3-spheres
• A dichotomy result for closed characteristics on compact star-shaped hypersurfaces in \(\mathbf{R}^{2n}\)
• The non-contractibility of closed geodesics on Finsler \(\mathbb{R} P^n\)
• Multiplicity of non-contractible closed geodesics on Finsler compact space forms
• Finsler spheres with constant flag curvature and finite orbits of prime closed geodesics
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• Multiplicity of closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler manifolds with elliptic closed geodesics
• Index iteration theories for periodic orbits: old and new
• Generalized common index jump theorem with applications to closed characteristics on star-shaped hypersurfaces and beyond
• Bumpy metrics on spheres and minimal index growth

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