Extended Nyquist formula for a resistance subject to a heat flow

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/AB363CMaRDI QIDQ5149456zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Benjamin Monnet, L. Bellon, S. Ciliberto

Publication date 11 February 2021

Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02974

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical thermodynamics (82B30)

Abstract: The Nyquist formula quantifies the thermal noise driven fluctuations of voltage across a resistance in equilibrium. We deal here with the case of a resistance driven out of equilibrium by putting it in contact with two thermostats at different temperatures. We reach a non-equilibrium steady state where a heat flux is flowing through the resistance. Our measurements demonstrate anyway that a simple extension of the Nyquist formula to the non uniform temperature field describes with an excellent precision the thermal noise. For a metallic ohmic material, the fluctuations are actually equivalent to those of a resistance in equilibrium with a single thermostat at the mean temperature between the hot and cold sources.

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Cites work

• Irreversibility and Generalized Noise
• Statistical properties of the energy exchanged between two heat baths coupled by thermal fluctuations
• The effective temperature

Cited in

(7)

• Random-walk model for equilibrium resistance fluctuations
• Limits to the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for nonlinear circuits
• Amplification of thermal noise by an electrostatic field
• Zero-point term and quantum effects in the Johnson noise of resistors: a critical appraisal
• Heat-charge mixed noise and thermoelectric efficiency fluctuations
• Thermal noise in a modified Drude model
• Stochastic thermodynamics: experiment and theory

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