Interpolatory estimates, Riesz transforms and wavelet projections

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Abstract: We prove that directional wavelet projections and Riesz transforms are related by interpolatory estimates. The exponents of interpolation depend on the H"older estimates of the wavelet system. This paper complements and continues previous work on Haar projections.


The authors study orthogonal wavelet projections of the form \[ W^{(\epsilon)}(u)= \sum_{Q\in \mathcal S} \left\langle u, \varphi^{(\epsilon)}_Q \right\rangle \varphi^{(\epsilon)}_Q|Q|^{-1}, \quad u\in L^2(\mathbb R^n). \] Here the direction \(\epsilon\) is an element in the set \(\mathcal A=\{0,1\}^n\setminus \{(0,\ldots,0)\}\), \(\mathcal S\) is the set of all dyadic cubes, and \(\{\varphi^{(\epsilon)}_Q/\sqrt{|Q|} \,:\, Q\in \mathcal S, \epsilon \in \mathcal A\}\) is an orthonormal basis in \(L^2(\mathbb R^n)\) that satisfies decay and Hölder estimates as well as sectional estimates for \(\mathbb E_i(\varphi^{(\epsilon)}_Q)\) for \(i\in \{1\leq j \leq n\,:\, \epsilon_j=1\}\) where \(\mathbb E_i(f)\) denotes the integral of \(f\) with respect to the variable \(x_i\). These conditions guarantee that this basis is equivalent to the Haar system. The authors extend estimates on the directional projection \(W^{(\epsilon)}\) from the \(L^2\)-setting to \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) and an upper bound for \(\| W^{(\epsilon)}(u)\|_p\) is given in terms of \(\|u\|_p\), \(\|R_i\|_p\), and \(\|R_i(u)\|_p\) where \(R_i\) is the Riesz transform and \(\epsilon_i=1\). The highly nontrivial proof involves a number of intermediate results concerning e.g.\ rearrangements and the authors discuss the motivation for this work as well.











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