Interlacing of zeros of Laguerre polynomials of equal and consecutive degree

Abstract: We investigate interlacing properties of zeros of Laguerre polynomials

L_{n}^{(a l p h a)} (x)

and

L_{n + 1}^{(a l p h a + k)} (x),

a l p h a > - 1,

where

n i n m a t h b b N

and

k i n 1, 2

. We prove that, in general, the zeros of these polynomials interlace partially and not fully. The sharp

t -

interval within which the zeros of two equal degree Laguerre polynomials

L_{n}^{(a l p h a)} (x)

and

L_{n}^{(a l p h a + t)} (x)

are interlacing for every

n i n m a t h b b N

and each

a l p h a > - 1

is

0 < t l e q 2,

cite{DrMu2}, and the sharp

t -

interval within which the zeros of two consecutive degree Laguerre polynomials

L_{n}^{(a l p h a)} (x)

and

L_{n - 1}^{(a l p h a + t)} (x)

are interlacing for every

n i n m a t h b b N

and each

a l p h a > - 1

is

0 l e q t l e q 2,

cite{DrMu1}. We derive conditions on

n i n m a t h b b N

and

a l p h a,

a l p h a > - 1

that determine the partial or full interlacing of the zeros of

L_{n}^{(a l p h a)} (x)

and the zeros of

L_{n}^{(a l p h a + 2 + k)} (x),

k i n 1, 2

. We also prove that partial interlacing holds between the zeros of

L_{n}^{(a l p h a)} (x)

and

L_{n - 1}^{(a l p h a + 2 + k)} (x)

when

k i n 1, 2,

n i n m a t h b b N

and

a l p h a > - 1

. Numerical illustrations of interlacing and its breakdown are provided.

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