Designing vortices in pipe flow with topography-driven Langmuir circulation

DOI10.1017/JFM.2021.696MaRDI QIDQ5154680zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Simen Å Ellingsen, Andreas H. Akselsen, Leon Chan

Publication date 5 October 2021

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07731

zbMATH Keywords

Navier-Stokes equationsmicrofluidicsvortex dynamicsspectral element methodPoiseuille pipe flowPrandtl second mechanism

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05) Spectral methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M22) Viscous vortex flows (76D17)

Abstract: We present direct numerical simulation of a mechanism for creating longitudinal vortices in pipe flow, compared with a simple model theory. By furnishing the pipe wall with a pattern of crossing waves secondary flow in the form of spanwise vortex pairs is created. The mechanism `CL1' is kinematic and known from oceanography as a driver of Langmuir circulation. CL1 is strongest when the `wall wave' vectors make an accute angle with the axis, $varphi=10^{c}irc$ - $20^{c}irc$ (a `contracted eggcarton'), changes sign near $45^{c}irc$ and is weak and opposite beyond this angle. A competing, dynamic mechanism driving secondary flow in the opposite sense is also observed created by the azimuthally varying friction. Whereas at smaller angles `CL1' prevails, the dynamic effect dominates when $varphigtrsim45^{c}irc$ reversing the flow. Curiously, circulation strength is a faster-than-linearly increasing function of Reynolds number for the contracted case. We explore an analogy with Prandtl's secondary motion of the second kind in turbulence. A transport equation for average streamwise vorticity is derived, and we analyse it for three different crossing angles, $varphi=18.6^{c}irc,45^{c}irc$ and $60^{c}irc$. Mean-vorticity production is organised in a ring-like structure with the two rings contributing to rotating flow in opposite senses. For the larger $varphi$ the inner ring decides the main swirling motion, whereas for $varphi=18.6^{c}irc$ outer-ring production dominates. For the larger angles the outer ring is mainly driven by advection of vorticity and the inner by deformation (stretching) whereas for $varphi=18.6^{c}irc$ both contribute approximately equally to production in the outer ring.

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• Langmuir-type vortices in wall-bounded flows driven by a criss-cross wavy wall topography

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