Operator equalities and characterizations of orthogonality in pre-Hilbert C^-modules

DOI10.1017/S0013091521000341MaRDI QIDQ5159384zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 27 October 2021

Published in Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10053

zbMATH Keywords

Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-modulenorm equalityPythagoras identityPythagoras orthogonality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05) (C^*)-modules (46L08) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30) Equations involving linear operators, with operator unknowns (47A62)

Abstract: In the first part of the paper, we use states on $C^{\ast }$-algebras in order to establish some equivalent statements to equality in the triangle inequality, as well as to the parallelogram identity for elements of a pre-Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-module. We also characterize the equality case in the triangle inequality for adjointable operators on a Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-module. Then we give certain necessary and sufficient conditions to the Pythagoras identity for two vectors in a pre-Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-module under the assumption that their inner product has negative real part. We introduce the concept of Pythagoras orthogonality and discuss its properties. We describe this notion for Hilbert space operators in terms of the parallelogram law and some limit conditions. We present several examples in order to illustrate the relationship between the Birkhoff--James, Roberts, and Pythagoras orthogonalities, and the usual orthogonality in the framework of Hilbert $C^{\ast }$-modules.

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Cited in

(15)

• A nonlinear characterization of type I factors based on strong Birkhoff-James orthogonality
• Orthonormal pairs of operators
• A generalization of the Roberts orthogonality: from normed linear spaces to \(C^*\)-algebras
• Norm equalities in pre-Hilbert C^*-modules
• Ostrowski's inequality in pre-Hilbert C^*-modules
• On three concepts of orthogonality in HilbertC^*-modules
• Numerical radius in Hilbert C✻-modules
• Another characterization of orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^*\)-modules
• Birkhoff-James orthogonality in certain tensor products of Banach spaces
• From norm derivatives to orthogonalities in Hilbert C*-modules
• Norm equalities in pre-Hilbert \(C^{*}\)-modules
• Norm of the sum of two orthogonal projections
• Some study of the approximate Birkhoff orthogonality and orthogonality of bounded linear operators
• A separation theorem for Hilbert C^-modules
• On some norm equalities in pre-Hilbert \(C^{\ast}\)-modules

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