Spontaneous scalarisation of charged black holes: coupling dependence and dynamical features

DOI10.1088/1361-6382/AB23A1MaRDI QIDQ5159868zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Pedro Fernandes, A. Pombo, Eugen Radu, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Carlos Herdeiro

Publication date 28 October 2021

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05079

zbMATH Keywords

black holesEinstein-Maxwellscalar fieldsspontaneous scalarisation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) Einstein-Maxwell equations (83C22) Black holes (83C57)

Abstract: Spontaneous scalarisation of electrically charged, asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordstr"om black holes (BHs) has been recently demonstrated to occur in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar (EMS) models. EMS BH scalarisation presents a technical simplification over the BH scalarisation that has been conjectured to occur in extended Scalar-Tensor Gauss-Bonnet (eSTGB) models. It is then natural to ask: 1) how universal are the conclusions extracted from the EMS model? And 2) how much do these conclusions depend on the choice of the non-minimal coupling function? Here we perform a comparative analysis of different forms for the coupling function including: exponential, hyperbolic, power-law and a rational function (fraction) couplings. In all of them we obtain and study the domain of existence of fundamental, spherically symmetric, scalarised BHs and compute, in particular, their entropy. The latter shows that scalarised EMS BHs are always entropically preferred over the RN BHs with the same total charge to mass ratio $q$. This contrasts with the case of eSTGB, where for the same power-law coupling the spherical, fundamental scalarised BHs are not entropically preferred over Schwarzschild. Also, while the scalarised solutions in the EMS model for the exponential, hyperbolic and power-law coupling are very similar, the rational function coupling leads to a transition in the domain of existence. Furthermore, fully non-linear dynamical evolutions of unstable RN BHs with different values of $q$ are presented. These show: 1) for sufficiently small $q$, scalarised solutions with (approximately) the same $q$ form dynamically; 2) for large $q$, spontaneous scalarisation visibly decreases $q$; thus evolutions are non-conservative; 3) despite the existence of non-spherical, static scalarised solutions, the evolution of unstable RN BHs under non-spherical perturbations leads to a spherical scalarised BH.

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Cited in

(39)

• The scalarised Schwarzschild-NUT spacetime
• Higher dimensional black hole scalarization
• Non-minimally coupled massive scalar field configurations supported by charged reflecting shells: analytic treatment in the weak coupling regime
• Inside an asymptotically flat hairy black hole
• Infinitesimally thin static scalar shells surrounding charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes
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• Dynamically and thermodynamically stable black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton gravity
• Electromagnetic dual Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models
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