How to have more things by forgetting how to count them

DOI10.1098/RSPA.2019.0782zbMATH Open1472.03057arXiv1910.14480OpenAlexW3098143993WikidataQ98613026 ScholiaQ98613026MaRDI QIDQ5161002FDOQ5161002

Asaf Karagila, Philipp Schlicht

Publication date: 29 October 2021

Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Cohen's first model is a model of Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory in which there is a Dedekind-finite set of real numbers, and it is perhaps the most famous model where the Axiom of Choice fails. We force over this model to add a function from this Dedekind-finite set to some infinite ordinal $kappa$. In the case that we force the function to be injective, it turns out that the resulting model is the same as adding $kappa$ Cohen reals to the ground model, and that we have just added an enumeration of the canonical Dedekind-finite set. In the case where the function is merely surjective it turns out that we do not add any reals, sets of ordinals, or collapse any Dedekind-finite sets. This motivates the question if there is any combinatorial condition on a Dedekind-finite set $A$ which characterises when a forcing will preserve its Dedekind-finiteness or not add new sets of ordinals. We answer this question in the case of "Adding a Cohen subset" by presenting a varied list of conditions each equivalent to the preservation of Dedekind-finiteness. For example, $2^A$ is extremally disconnected, or $[A{]}^{<omega}$ is Dedekind-finite.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.14480

zbMATH Keywords

axiom of choiceDedekind-finite setsCohen forcingsymmetric extensionsCohen's first model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Consistency and independence results (03E35) Axiom of choice and related propositions (03E25)

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Cited In (4)

• Sequential and distributive forcings without choice
• Small forcings and Cohen reals
• Kelley–Morse set theory does not prove the class Fodor principle
• Definable Hamel bases and ${\sf AC}_\omega ({\mathbb R})$

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