The harmonic measure of balls in random trees

DOI10.1214/15-AOP1050zbMATH Open1358.05084arXiv1304.7190MaRDI QIDQ516119FDOQ516119

Authors: Nicolas Curien, J.-F. Le Gall 

Publication date: 22 March 2017

Published in: The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study properties of the harmonic measure of balls in typical large discrete trees. For a ball of radius $n$ centered at the root, we prove that, although the size of the boundary is of order $n$, most of the harmonic measure is supported on a boundary set of size approximately equal to $$, where $$ is a universal constant. To derive such results, we interpret harmonic measure as the exit distribution of the ball by simple random walk on the tree, and we first deal with the case of critical Galton-Watson trees conditioned to have height greater than $n$. An important ingredient of our approach is the analogous continuous model (related to Aldous' continuum random tree), where the dimension of harmonic measure of a level set of the tree is equal to $$, whereas the dimension of the level set itself is equal to $1$. The constant $$ is expressed in terms of the asymptotic distribution of the conductance of large critical Galton-Watson trees.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7190

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zbMATH Keywords

random walkBrownian motionHausdorff dimensionharmonic measurerandom treeconductanceGalton-Watson tree

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trees (05C05) Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.) (60J80) Distance in graphs (05C12) Random walks on graphs (05C81) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions on other spaces (31C05) Probabilistic potential theory (60J45)

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• Existence of the harmonic measure for random walks on graphs and in random environments
• Frequently dense harmonic functions and universal martingales on trees
• Collapse and diffusion in harmonic activation and transport
• Typical behavior of the harmonic measure in critical Galton-Watson trees
• Harmonic measure in the presence of a spectral gap
• Invariant measures, Hausdorff dimension and dimension drop of some harmonic measures on Galton-Watson trees
• Typical behavior of the harmonic measure in critical Galton-Watson trees with infinite variance offspring distribution
• Branching random walks conditioned on particle numbers
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