Logarithmic lower bound on the number of nodal domains

DOI10.4171/JST/152MaRDI QIDQ516586zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Steve Zelditch

Publication date 14 March 2017

Published in Journal of Spectral Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.05315

zbMATH Keywords

eigenfunctionsnegative curvaturenodal domainsRiemannian surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Pseudodifferential and Fourier integral operators on manifolds (58J40) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50) Relations between spectral theory and ergodic theory, e.g., quantum unique ergodicity (58J51)

Abstract: We prove that the number of nodal domains of a density one subsequence of eigenfunctions grows at least logarithmically with the eigenvalue on negatively curved `real Riemann surfaces'. The geometric model is the same as in prior joint work with Junehyuk Jung (arXiv:1310.2919, to appear in J. Diff. Geom), where the number of nodal domains was shown to tend to infinity, but without a specified rate. The proof of the logarithmic rate uses the new logarithmic scale quantum ergodicity results of Hezari-Riviere (arXiv:1411.4078) and X. Han (arXiv:1410.3911).

Review text

Let \((M,g)\) be a compact Riemannian manifold with Laplacian \(\Delta\). The nodal set of an eigenfunction \(u_\lambda\), \(\Delta u_\lambda= -\lambda u_\lambda\) is denoted by \(Z_{u_\lambda}= \{x: u_\lambda(x)=0\}\). Let \(N(u_\lambda)\) denote the number of nodal domains of \(u_\lambda\). The author proves that the number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions grows at least logarithmically with the eigenvalue on certain negatively curved surfaces. More precisely, let \((M, J,\sigma)\) be a compact real Riemann surface of genus \(\mathfrak{g}\geq 2\) possessing an anti-holomorphic involution \(\sigma\) whose fixed point set is not empty. Let \(\mathcal{M}_{M,J,\sigma}\) be the space of \(\sigma\)-invariant negatively curved Riemannian metrics on \(M\). The main result asserts that for any \(g\in\mathcal{M}_{M,J,\sigma}\) and any orthonormal \(\Delta\)-eigenbasis \(\{\varphi_j\}\) of \(L^2_{even}(M)\) (resp. \(\{\psi_j\}\) of \(L^2_{odd}(M)\) one can find a density \(1\) subset \(A\) of \(\mathbb{N}\) and the constant \(C_g>0\) such that for all \(j\in A\) \[ N(\varphi_j)\geq C_g (\log \lambda_j)^K \text{ for all } K< 1/6, \] resp. \[ N(\psi_j)\geq C_g (\log \lambda_j)^K \text{ for all } K< 1/6. \]

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Cited in

(12)

• Quantum ergodicity and \(L^{p}\) norms of restrictions of eigenfunctions
• Logarithmic lower bounds for Néel walls
• A natural lower bound for the size of nodal sets
• Lower bounds for the number of nodal domains for sums of two distorted plane waves in non-positive curvature
• Nodal set of monochromatic waves satisfying the random wave model
• Equidistribution of random waves on small balls
• Planck-scale number of nodal domains for toral eigenfunctions
• Number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions on non-positively curved surfaces with concave boundary
• Boundedness of the number of nodal domains for eigenfunctions of generic Kaluza-Klein 3-folds
• Small scale equidistribution of random eigenbases
• Number of nodal domains and singular points of eigenfunctions of negatively curved surfaces with an isometric involution
• Quantitative quantum ergodicity and the nodal domains of Hecke-Maass cusp forms

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