The resource theory of informational nonequilibrium in thermodynamics

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSREP.2015.04.003zbMATH Open1357.81040arXiv1309.6586OpenAlexW3099640091WikidataQ59945340 ScholiaQ59945340MaRDI QIDQ516591FDOQ516591

Gilad Gour, Markus Müller, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Varun Narasimhachar, Robert W. Spekkens

Publication date: 14 March 2017

Published in: Physics Reports (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We review recent work on the foundations of thermodynamics in the light of quantum information theory. We adopt a resource-theoretic perspective, wherein thermodynamics is formulated as a theory of what agents can achieve under a particular restriction, namely, that the only state preparations and transformations that they can implement for free are those that are thermal at some fixed temperature. States that are out of thermal equilibrium are the resources. We consider the special case of this theory wherein all systems have trivial Hamiltonians (that is, all of their energy levels are degenerate). In this case, the only free operations are those that add noise to the system (or implement a reversible evolution) and the only nonequilibrium states are states of informational nonequilibrium, that is, states that deviate from the maximally mixed state. The degree of this deviation we call the state's nonuniformity; it is the resource of interest here, the fuel that is consumed, for instance, in an erasure operation. We consider the different types of state conversion: exact and approximate, single-shot and asymptotic, catalytic and noncatalytic. In each case, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for the conversion to be possible for any pair of states, emphasizing a geometrical representation of the conditions in terms of Lorenz curves. We also review the problem of quantifying the nonuniformity of a state, in particular through the use of generalized entropies. Quantum state conversion problems in this resource theory can be shown to be always reducible to their classical counterparts, so that there are no inherently quantum-mechanical features arising in such problems. This body of work also demonstrates that the standard formulation of the second law of thermodynamics is inadequate as a criterion for deciding whether or not a given state transition is possible.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.6586

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10) Foundations of thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A05)

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Cited In (65)

• Thermodynamics and the structure of quantum theory
• Microcanonical thermodynamics in general physical theories
• Quantification of resource theory of imaginarity
• Non-commutative space engine: A boost to thermodynamic processes
• Thermodynamic utility of non-Markovianity from the perspective of resource interconversion
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• Detecting magic states via characteristic functions
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• Quantum coherence fluctuation relations
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• Resource convertibility and ordered commutative monoids
• Information-based approach towards a unified resource theory
• Quantifying the imaginarity of quantum mechanics
• One-shot assisted concentration of coherence
• A measure of majorization emerging from single-shot statistical mechanics
• Basis-independent quantum coherence and its distribution
• Computable entanglement conversion witness that is better than the negativity
• Introducing one-shot work into fluctuation relations
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• Thermodynamic resource theories, non-commutativity and maximum entropy principles
• The \(d\)-majorization polytope
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• Maximal coherence and the resource theory of purity

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