Free monoids and forests of rational numbers

DOI10.1016/J.DAM.2015.07.011MaRDI QIDQ516795zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Melvyn B. Nathanson

Publication date 15 March 2017

Published in Discrete Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2054

zbMATH Keywords

linear fractional transformationCalkin-Wilf treeforests of rooted infinite binary treesfreely generated submonoids of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbf{N}_0)\)

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trees (05C05)

Abstract: The Calkin-Wilf tree is an infinite binary tree whose vertices are the positive rational numbers. Each such number occurs in the tree exactly once and in the form $a/b$, where are $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime positive integers. This tree is associated with the matrices $$ and $$, which freely generate the monoid $S{L}_2(mathbf{N}_0)$ of $2imes2$ matrices with determinant 1 and nonnegative integral coordinates. For other pairs of matrices $L_u$ and $R_v$ that freely generate submonoids of $G{L}_2(mathbf{N}_0)$, there are forests of infinitely many rooted infinite binary trees that partition the set of positive rational numbers, and possess a remarkable symmetry property.

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Cited in

(10)

• Left-right pairs and complex forests of infinite rooted binary trees
• Continuous monoids and yields of infinite trees
• Cluster duality between Calkin-Wilf tree and Stern-Brocot tree
• Defining Relations and the Algebraic Structure of the Group SL₂ over Integral Hamilton Quaternions
• The \((u,v)\)-Calkin-Wilf forest
• The Calkin-Wilf tree of a quadratic surd
• A calculational approach to path-based properties of the Eisenstein-Stern and Stern-Brocot trees via matrix algebra
• Forests of complex numbers
• Orphans in forests of linear fractional transformations
• Two trees enumerating the positive rationals

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