Infinite-dimensional manifolds as ringed spaces

Topology of topological vector spaces (57N17) Differentiable manifolds, foundations (58A05) Differentiability questions for infinite-dimensional manifolds (58B10)

Abstract: We analyze the possibility of defining infinite-dimensional manifolds as ringed spaces. More precisely, we consider three definitions of manifolds modeled on locally convex spaces: in terms of charts and atlases, in terms of ringed spaces, and in terms of functored spaces, as introduced by Douady in his thesis. It is shown that for large classes of locally convex model spaces (containing Fr'echet spaces and duals of Fr'echet-Schwartz spaces), the three definitions are actually equivalent. The equivalence of the definition via charts with the definition via ringed spaces is based on the fact that for the classes of model spaces under consideration, smoothness of maps turns out to be equivalent to their scalarwise smoothness (that is, the smoothness of their composition with smooth real-valued functions).

Review text

Manifold structures in finite dimensions, whether smooth, real- or complex-analytic, are most commonly defined using charts (local coordinate systems) collected in atlases of compatible charts. Another standard way of defining a smooth \(n\)-dimensional manifold \(M\) is achieved by a sheaf-theoretical approach where \(M\) is defined as a locally ringed space \((M_0,\mathcal{O}_M)\) that is locally isomorphic to the locally ringed space \(({\mathbb R}^n,\mathcal{C}_{{\mathbb R}^n}^{\infty})\). The sheaf-theoretical approach is particularly useful when defining singular generalizations of manifolds like varieties or schemes, or when dealing with supermanifolds. In the present paper, the authors analyze the possibilities of defining infinite-dimensional manifolds as ringed spaces. More precisely, they consider three definitions of manifolds modelled on locally convex spaces, namely: (i) in terms of charts and atlases, (ii) in terms of ringed spaces, and (iii) in terms of functored spaces, as introduced by \textit{A. Douady} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 16, No. 1, 1--95 (1966; Zbl 0146.31103)]. The main result gained by the authors work is the useful knowledge, that for large classes of locally convex model spaces, including among others Fréchet spaces and duals of Fréchet-Schwartz spaces, the three definitions are actually equivalent. The paper is very carefully written.

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