Energy fluxes in quasi-equilibrium flows

DOI10.1017/JFM.2019.965MaRDI QIDQ5207639zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors A. Alexakis, Marc Brachet

Publication date 13 January 2020

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02721

zbMATH Keywords

homogeneous turbulenceturbulence theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence (76F05)

Abstract: We examine the relation between the absolute equilibrium state of the spectrally truncated Euler equations (TEE) predicted by Kraichnan (1973) to the forced and dissipated flows of the spectrally truncated Navier-Stokes (TNS) equations. In both of these idealized systems a finite number of Fourier modes is kept contained inside a sphere of radius $k_{max}$ but while the first conserves energy in the second energy is injected by a body-force $$ and dissipated by the viscosity $u$. For the TNS system stochastically forced with energy injection rate $mathcal{I}_{m}athcalE$ we show, using an asymptotic expansion of the Fokker-Planck equation, that in the limit of small $k_{max}eta$ (where $eta=(u^3/mathcal{I}_{m}athcalE{)}^{1/4}$ the Kolmogorov lengthscale) the flow approaches the absolute equilibrium solution of Kraichnan with such an effective "temperature" so that there is a balance between the energy injection and the energy dissipation rate. Numerical simulations verify the predictions of the model for small values of $k_{max}eta$. For intermediate values of $k_{max}eta$ a transition from the quasi-equilibrium "thermal" state to Kolmogorov turbulence is observed. If the forcing is applied at small scales and the dissipation acts only at large scales then the equipartition spectrum appears at all scales for all values of $u$. In both cases a finite forward or inverse flux is present even for the cases where the flow is close to the equilibrium state solutions. However, unlike the classical turbulence where an energy cascade develops with a mean energy flux that is large compared to its fluctuations, the quasi-equilibrium state has a mean flux of energy that is subdominant to the large flux fluctuations observed.

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Cited in

(9)

• Energy balance for undular bores
• Global energy budgets in turbulent Couette and Poiseuille flows
• On the thermal equilibrium state of large-scale flows
• Exergy flows as bases of constructal law
• Statistically steady states of forced isotropic turbulence in thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium
• Viscosity, reversibillity, chaotic hypothesis, fluctuation theorem and Lyapunov pairing
• From absolute equilibrium to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang crossover: a short review of recent developments
• Energy flux in dissipative media
• Direct control of the small-scale energy balance in two-dimensional fluid dynamics

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