On bipartite cages of excess 4

MaRDI QIDQ521356zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Slobodan Filipovski

Publication date 10 April 2017

Published in The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.07103, http://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v24i1p40

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zbMATH Keywords

bicyclic excessbipartite graphscage problemcyclic excess

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Paths and cycles (05C38) Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50)

Abstract: The Moore bound $M(k,g)$ is a lower bound on the order of $k$-regular graphs of girth $g$ (denoted $(k,g)$-graphs). The excess $e$ of a $(k,g)$-graph of order $n$ is the difference $n-M(k,g)$. In this paper we consider the existence of $(k,g)$-bipartite graphs of excess $4$ via studying spectral properties of their adjacency matrices. We prove that the $(k,g)$-bipartite graphs of excess $4$ satisfy the equation $kJ=(A+kI)(H_{d-1}(A)+E)$, where $A$ denotes the adjacency matrix of the graph in question, $J$ the $nimesn$ all-ones matrix, $E$ the adjacency matrix of a union of vertex-disjoint cycles, and $H_{d-1}(x)$ is the Dickson polynomial of the second kind with parameter $k-1$ and of degree $d-1$. We observe that the eigenvalues other than $pmk$ of these graphs are roots of the polynomials $H_{d-1}(x)+lambda$, where $lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $E$. Based on the irreducibility of $H_{d-1}(x)pm2$ we give necessary conditions for the existence of these graphs. If $E$ is the adjacency matrix of a cycle of order $n$ we call the corresponding graphs emph{graphs with cyclic excess}; if $E$ is the adjacency matrix of a disjoint union of two cycles we call the corresponding graphs emph{graphs with bicyclic excess}. In this paper we prove the non-existence of $(k,g)$-graphs with cyclic excess $4$ if $kgeq6$ and $kequiv1!!pmod3$, $g=8,12,16$ or $kequiv2!!pmod3$, $g=8,$ and the non-existence of $(k,g)$-graphs with bicyclic excess $4$ if $kgeq7$ is odd number and $g=2d$ such that $dgeq4$ is even.

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Cited in

(9)

• On the non-existence of antipodal cages of even girth
• On biregular bipartite graphs of small excess
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• Counting cycles in graphs with small excess
• On graphs with cyclic defect or excess
• On a relation between bipartite biregular cages, block designs and generalized polygons
• New results on bipartite biregular cages, block designs, and generalized polygons
• Biregular (and regular) planar cages

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